3gxm

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{{STRUCTURE_3gxm| PDB=3gxm | SCENE= }}
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==Crystal structure of acid-beta-glucosidase at pH 4.5, phosphate crystallization condition==
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===Crystal structure of acid-beta-glucosidase at pH 4.5, phosphate crystallization condition===
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<StructureSection load='3gxm' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3gxm]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.20&Aring;' scene=''>
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{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_19374450}}
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== Structural highlights ==
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<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3gxm]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3GXM OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3GXM FirstGlance]. <br>
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</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr>
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<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[3gxf|3gxf]], [[3gxi|3gxi]]</td></tr>
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<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">GBA, GC, GLUC ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 Homo sapiens])</td></tr>
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<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosylceramidase Glucosylceramidase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.2.1.45 3.2.1.45] </span></td></tr>
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<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3gxm FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3gxm OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3gxm RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3gxm PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
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</table>
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== Disease ==
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[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GLCM_HUMAN GLCM_HUMAN]] Defects in GBA are the cause of Gaucher disease (GD) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/230800 230800]]; also known as glucocerebrosidase deficiency. GD is the most prevalent lysosomal storage disease, characterized by accumulation of glucosylceramide in the reticulo-endothelial system. Different clinical forms are recognized depending on the presence (neuronopathic forms) or absence of central nervous system involvement, severity and age of onset.<ref>PMID:8294033</ref> [:]<ref>PMID:19286695</ref> <ref>PMID:16293621</ref> <ref>PMID:1974409</ref> <ref>PMID:1972019</ref> <ref>PMID:8432537</ref> <ref>PMID:7916532</ref> <ref>PMID:8112750</ref> <ref>PMID:8076951</ref> <ref>PMID:8790604</ref> <ref>PMID:7627184</ref> <ref>PMID:7627192</ref> <ref>PMID:8937765</ref> <ref>PMID:8829654</ref> <ref>PMID:8829663</ref> <ref>PMID:8889591</ref> <ref>PMID:8780099</ref> <ref>PMID:9182788</ref> <ref>PMID:9217217</ref> <ref>PMID:9279145</ref> <ref>PMID:9153297</ref> <ref>PMID:9061570</ref> <ref>PMID:9554454</ref> <ref>PMID:9683600</ref> <ref>PMID:9637431</ref> <ref>PMID:9516376</ref> <ref>PMID:9851895</ref> <ref>PMID:9650766</ref> <ref>PMID:9554746</ref> <ref>PMID:10206680</ref> <ref>PMID:10340647</ref> <ref>PMID:10360404</ref> <ref>PMID:10744424</ref> <ref>PMID:10352942</ref> <ref>PMID:10447266</ref> <ref>PMID:10796875</ref> <ref>PMID:11992489</ref> <ref>PMID:11933202</ref> <ref>PMID:12204005</ref> <ref>PMID:12847165</ref> <ref>PMID:15292921</ref> <ref>PMID:15826241</ref> <ref>PMID:15605411</ref> <ref>PMID:16148263</ref> <ref>PMID:17620502</ref> <ref>PMID:18332251</ref> <ref>PMID:19846850</ref> Defects in GBA are the cause of Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/230800 230800]]; also known as adult non-neuronopathic Gaucher disease. GD1 is characterized by hepatosplenomegaly with consequent anemia and thrombopenia, and bone involvement. The central nervous system is not involved.[:]<ref>PMID:19286695</ref> <ref>PMID:8889591</ref> <ref>PMID:10206680</ref> <ref>PMID:10340647</ref> <ref>PMID:12847165</ref> <ref>PMID:15605411</ref> <ref>PMID:16148263</ref> <ref>PMID:17620502</ref> <ref>PMID:18332251</ref> <ref>PMID:19846850</ref> Defects in GBA are the cause of Gaucher disease type 2 (GD2) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/230900 230900]]; also known as acute neuronopathic Gaucher disease. GD2 is the most severe form and is universally progressive and fatal. It manifests soon after birth, with death generally occurring before patients reach two years of age.<ref>PMID:19286695</ref> <ref>PMID:9637431</ref> <ref>PMID:9851895</ref> <ref>PMID:12847165</ref> <ref>PMID:16148263</ref> <ref>PMID:17620502</ref> <ref>PMID:18332251</ref> <ref>PMID:19846850</ref> Defects in GBA are the cause of Gaucher disease type 3 (GD3) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/231000 231000]]; also known as subacute neuronopathic Gaucher disease. GD3 has central nervous manifestations.<ref>PMID:19286695</ref> <ref>PMID:8780099</ref> <ref>PMID:12847165</ref> <ref>PMID:16148263</ref> <ref>PMID:17620502</ref> <ref>PMID:18332251</ref> <ref>PMID:19846850</ref> Defects in GBA are the cause of Gaucher disease type 3C (GD3C) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/231005 231005]]; also known as pseudo-Gaucher disease or Gaucher-like disease.<ref>PMID:19286695</ref> <ref>PMID:12847165</ref> <ref>PMID:16148263</ref> <ref>PMID:17620502</ref> <ref>PMID:18332251</ref> <ref>PMID:19846850</ref> Defects in GBA are the cause of Gaucher disease perinatal lethal (GDPL) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/608013 608013]]. It is a distinct form of Gaucher disease type 2, characterized by fetal onset. Hydrops fetalis, in utero fetal death and neonatal distress are prominent features. When hydrops is absent, neurologic involvement begins in the first week and leads to death within 3 months. Hepatosplenomegaly is a major sign, and is associated with ichthyosis, arthrogryposis, and facial dysmorphism.<ref>PMID:19286695</ref> <ref>PMID:12847165</ref> <ref>PMID:16148263</ref> <ref>PMID:17620502</ref> <ref>PMID:18332251</ref> <ref>PMID:19846850</ref> Note=Perinatal lethal Gaucher disease is associated with non-immune hydrops fetalis, a generalized edema of the fetus with fluid accumulation in the body cavities due to non-immune causes. Non-immune hydrops fetalis is not a diagnosis in itself but a symptom, a feature of many genetic disorders, and the end-stage of a wide variety of disorders.<ref>PMID:19286695</ref> <ref>PMID:12847165</ref> <ref>PMID:16148263</ref> <ref>PMID:17620502</ref> <ref>PMID:18332251</ref> <ref>PMID:19846850</ref> Defects in GBA contribute to susceptibility to Parkinson disease (PARK) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/168600 168600]]. A complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by bradykinesia, resting tremor, muscular rigidity and postural instability. Additional features are characteristic postural abnormalities, dysautonomia, dystonic cramps, and dementia. The pathology of Parkinson disease involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies (intraneuronal accumulations of aggregated proteins), in surviving neurons in various areas of the brain. The disease is progressive and usually manifests after the age of 50 years, although early-onset cases (before 50 years) are known. The majority of the cases are sporadic suggesting a multifactorial etiology based on environmental and genetic factors. However, some patients present with a positive family history for the disease. Familial forms of the disease usually begin at earlier ages and are associated with atypical clinical features.<ref>PMID:19286695</ref> <ref>PMID:12847165</ref> <ref>PMID:16148263</ref> <ref>PMID:17620502</ref> <ref>PMID:18332251</ref> <ref>PMID:19846850</ref>
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== Function ==
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==Disease==
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== Evolutionary Conservation ==
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[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GLCM_HUMAN GLCM_HUMAN]] Defects in GBA are the cause of Gaucher disease (GD) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/230800 230800]]; also known as glucocerebrosidase deficiency. GD is the most prevalent lysosomal storage disease, characterized by accumulation of glucosylceramide in the reticulo-endothelial system. Different clinical forms are recognized depending on the presence (neuronopathic forms) or absence of central nervous system involvement, severity and age of onset.<ref>PMID:8294033</ref>[:]<ref>PMID:19286695</ref><ref>PMID:16293621</ref><ref>PMID:1974409</ref><ref>PMID:1972019</ref><ref>PMID:8432537</ref><ref>PMID:7916532</ref><ref>PMID:8112750</ref><ref>PMID:8076951</ref><ref>PMID:8790604</ref><ref>PMID:7627184</ref><ref>PMID:7627192</ref><ref>PMID:8937765</ref><ref>PMID:8829654</ref><ref>PMID:8829663</ref><ref>PMID:8889591</ref><ref>PMID:8780099</ref><ref>PMID:9182788</ref><ref>PMID:9217217</ref><ref>PMID:9279145</ref><ref>PMID:9153297</ref><ref>PMID:9061570</ref><ref>PMID:9554454</ref><ref>PMID:9683600</ref><ref>PMID:9637431</ref><ref>PMID:9516376</ref><ref>PMID:9851895</ref><ref>PMID:9650766</ref><ref>PMID:9554746</ref><ref>PMID:10206680</ref><ref>PMID:10340647</ref><ref>PMID:10360404</ref><ref>PMID:10744424</ref><ref>PMID:10352942</ref><ref>PMID:10447266</ref><ref>PMID:10796875</ref><ref>PMID:11992489</ref><ref>PMID:11933202</ref><ref>PMID:12204005</ref><ref>PMID:12847165</ref><ref>PMID:15292921</ref><ref>PMID:15826241</ref><ref>PMID:15605411</ref><ref>PMID:16148263</ref><ref>PMID:17620502</ref><ref>PMID:18332251</ref><ref>PMID:19846850</ref> Defects in GBA are the cause of Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/230800 230800]]; also known as adult non-neuronopathic Gaucher disease. GD1 is characterized by hepatosplenomegaly with consequent anemia and thrombopenia, and bone involvement. The central nervous system is not involved.[:]<ref>PMID:19286695</ref><ref>PMID:8889591</ref><ref>PMID:10206680</ref><ref>PMID:10340647</ref><ref>PMID:12847165</ref><ref>PMID:15605411</ref><ref>PMID:16148263</ref><ref>PMID:17620502</ref><ref>PMID:18332251</ref><ref>PMID:19846850</ref> Defects in GBA are the cause of Gaucher disease type 2 (GD2) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/230900 230900]]; also known as acute neuronopathic Gaucher disease. GD2 is the most severe form and is universally progressive and fatal. It manifests soon after birth, with death generally occurring before patients reach two years of age.<ref>PMID:19286695</ref><ref>PMID:9637431</ref><ref>PMID:9851895</ref><ref>PMID:12847165</ref><ref>PMID:16148263</ref><ref>PMID:17620502</ref><ref>PMID:18332251</ref><ref>PMID:19846850</ref> Defects in GBA are the cause of Gaucher disease type 3 (GD3) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/231000 231000]]; also known as subacute neuronopathic Gaucher disease. GD3 has central nervous manifestations.<ref>PMID:19286695</ref><ref>PMID:8780099</ref><ref>PMID:12847165</ref><ref>PMID:16148263</ref><ref>PMID:17620502</ref><ref>PMID:18332251</ref><ref>PMID:19846850</ref> Defects in GBA are the cause of Gaucher disease type 3C (GD3C) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/231005 231005]]; also known as pseudo-Gaucher disease or Gaucher-like disease.<ref>PMID:19286695</ref><ref>PMID:12847165</ref><ref>PMID:16148263</ref><ref>PMID:17620502</ref><ref>PMID:18332251</ref><ref>PMID:19846850</ref> Defects in GBA are the cause of Gaucher disease perinatal lethal (GDPL) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/608013 608013]]. It is a distinct form of Gaucher disease type 2, characterized by fetal onset. Hydrops fetalis, in utero fetal death and neonatal distress are prominent features. When hydrops is absent, neurologic involvement begins in the first week and leads to death within 3 months. Hepatosplenomegaly is a major sign, and is associated with ichthyosis, arthrogryposis, and facial dysmorphism.<ref>PMID:19286695</ref><ref>PMID:12847165</ref><ref>PMID:16148263</ref><ref>PMID:17620502</ref><ref>PMID:18332251</ref><ref>PMID:19846850</ref> Note=Perinatal lethal Gaucher disease is associated with non-immune hydrops fetalis, a generalized edema of the fetus with fluid accumulation in the body cavities due to non-immune causes. Non-immune hydrops fetalis is not a diagnosis in itself but a symptom, a feature of many genetic disorders, and the end-stage of a wide variety of disorders.<ref>PMID:19286695</ref><ref>PMID:12847165</ref><ref>PMID:16148263</ref><ref>PMID:17620502</ref><ref>PMID:18332251</ref><ref>PMID:19846850</ref> Defects in GBA contribute to susceptibility to Parkinson disease (PARK) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/168600 168600]]. A complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by bradykinesia, resting tremor, muscular rigidity and postural instability. Additional features are characteristic postural abnormalities, dysautonomia, dystonic cramps, and dementia. The pathology of Parkinson disease involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies (intraneuronal accumulations of aggregated proteins), in surviving neurons in various areas of the brain. The disease is progressive and usually manifests after the age of 50 years, although early-onset cases (before 50 years) are known. The majority of the cases are sporadic suggesting a multifactorial etiology based on environmental and genetic factors. However, some patients present with a positive family history for the disease. Familial forms of the disease usually begin at earlier ages and are associated with atypical clinical features.<ref>PMID:19286695</ref><ref>PMID:12847165</ref><ref>PMID:16148263</ref><ref>PMID:17620502</ref><ref>PMID:18332251</ref><ref>PMID:19846850</ref>
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[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
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Check<jmol>
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<jmolCheckbox>
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<scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/gx/3gxm_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
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<scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
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<text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
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</jmolCheckbox>
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</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/chain_selection.php?pdb_ID=2ata ConSurf].
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
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Human lysosomal enzymes acid-beta-glucosidase (GCase) and acid-alpha-galactosidase (alpha-Gal A) hydrolyze the sphingolipids glucosyl- and globotriaosylceramide, respectively, and mutations in these enzymes lead to the lipid metabolism disorders Gaucher and Fabry disease, respectively. We have investigated the structure and stability of GCase and alpha-Gal A in a neutral-pH environment reflective of the endoplasmic reticulum and an acidic-pH environment reflective of the lysosome. These details are important for the development of pharmacological chaperone therapy for Gaucher and Fabry disease, in which small molecules bind mutant enzymes in the ER to enable the mutant enzyme to meet quality control requirements for lysosomal trafficking. We report crystal structures of apo GCase at pH 4.5, at pH 5.5, and in complex with the pharmacological chaperone isofagomine (IFG) at pH 7.5. We also present thermostability analysis of GCase at pH 7.4 and 5.2 using differential scanning calorimetry. We compare our results with analogous experiments using alpha-Gal A and the chaperone 1-deoxygalactonijirimycin (DGJ), including the first structure of alpha-Gal A with DGJ. Both GCase and alpha-Gal A are more stable at lysosomal pH with and without their respective iminosugars bound, and notably, the stability of the GCase-IFG complex is pH sensitive. We show that the conformations of the active site loops in GCase are sensitive to ligand binding but not pH, whereas analogous galactose- or DGJ-dependent conformational changes in alpha-Gal A are not seen. Thermodynamic parameters obtained from alpha-Gal A unfolding indicate two-state, van't Hoff unfolding in the absence of the iminosugar at neutral and lysosomal pH, and non-two-state unfolding in the presence of DGJ. Taken together, these results provide insight into how GCase and alpha-Gal A are thermodynamically stabilized by iminosugars and suggest strategies for the development of new pharmacological chaperones for lysosomal storage disorders.
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==About this Structure==
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Effects of pH and Iminosugar Pharmacological Chaperones on Lysosomal Glycosidase Structure and Stability.,Lieberman RL, D'aquino JA, Ringe D, Petsko GA Biochemistry. 2009 May 1. PMID:19374450<ref>PMID:19374450</ref>
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[[3gxm]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3GXM OCA].
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From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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</div>
==See Also==
==See Also==
*[[Acid-beta-glucosidase|Acid-beta-glucosidase]]
*[[Acid-beta-glucosidase|Acid-beta-glucosidase]]
*[[Beta-glucosidase|Beta-glucosidase]]
*[[Beta-glucosidase|Beta-glucosidase]]
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== References ==
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==Reference==
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<references/>
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<ref group="xtra">PMID:019374450</ref><references group="xtra"/><references/>
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__TOC__
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: Glucosylceramidase]]
[[Category: Glucosylceramidase]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
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[[Category: Lieberman, R L.]]
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[[Category: Lieberman, R L]]
[[Category: Alternative initiation]]
[[Category: Alternative initiation]]
[[Category: Disease mutation]]
[[Category: Disease mutation]]

Revision as of 17:41, 18 December 2014

Crystal structure of acid-beta-glucosidase at pH 4.5, phosphate crystallization condition

3gxm, resolution 2.20Å

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