Structural highlights
Function
[PKSL1_ASPPA] Combines a hexanoyl starter unit and 7 malonyl-CoA extender units to synthesize the precursor norsolorinic acid anthrone (noranthrone) in the aflatoxin biosynthesis pathway. The hexanoyl starter unit is provided to the acyl-carrier protein (ACP) domain by a dedicated fungal fatty acid synthase.[1] [2]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Polyketides are a class of natural products with diverse structures and biological activities. The structural variability of aromatic products of fungal nonreducing, multidomain iterative polyketide synthases (NR-PKS group of IPKSs) results from regiospecific cyclizations of reactive poly-beta-keto intermediates. How poly-beta-keto species are synthesized and stabilized, how their chain lengths are determined, and, in particular, how specific cyclization patterns are controlled have been largely inaccessible and functionally unknown until recently. A product template (PT) domain is responsible for controlling specific aldol cyclization and aromatization of these mature polyketide precursors, but the mechanistic basis is unknown. Here we present the 1.8 A crystal structure and mutational studies of a dissected PT monodomain from PksA, the NR-PKS that initiates the biosynthesis of the potent hepatocarcinogen aflatoxin B(1) in Aspergillus parasiticus. Despite having minimal sequence similarity to known enzymes, the structure displays a distinct 'double hot dog' (DHD) fold. Co-crystal structures with palmitate or a bicyclic substrate mimic illustrate that PT can bind both linear and bicyclic polyketides. Docking and mutagenesis studies reveal residues important for substrate binding and catalysis, and identify a phosphopantetheine localization channel and a deep two-part interior binding pocket and reaction chamber. Sequence similarity and extensive conservation of active site residues in PT domains suggest that the mechanistic insights gleaned from these studies will prove general for this class of IPKSs, and lay a foundation for defining the molecular rules controlling NR-PKS cyclization specificity.
Structural basis for biosynthetic programming of fungal aromatic polyketide cyclization.,Crawford JM, Korman TP, Labonte JW, Vagstad AL, Hill EA, Kamari-Bidkorpeh O, Tsai SC, Townsend CA Nature. 2009 Oct 22;461(7267):1139-43. PMID:19847268[3]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Yu J, Chang PK, Ehrlich KC, Cary JW, Bhatnagar D, Cleveland TE, Payne GA, Linz JE, Woloshuk CP, Bennett JW. Clustered pathway genes in aflatoxin biosynthesis. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004 Mar;70(3):1253-62. PMID:15006741
- ↑ Crawford JM, Thomas PM, Scheerer JR, Vagstad AL, Kelleher NL, Townsend CA. Deconstruction of iterative multidomain polyketide synthase function. Science. 2008 Apr 11;320(5873):243-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1154711. PMID:18403714 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1154711
- ↑ Crawford JM, Korman TP, Labonte JW, Vagstad AL, Hill EA, Kamari-Bidkorpeh O, Tsai SC, Townsend CA. Structural basis for biosynthetic programming of fungal aromatic polyketide cyclization. Nature. 2009 Oct 22;461(7267):1139-43. PMID:19847268 doi:10.1038/nature08475
