Structural highlights
Function
[FHOD1_HUMAN] Required for the assembly of F-actin structures, such as stress fibers. Depends on the Rho-ROCK cascade for its activity. Contributes to the coordination of microtubules with actin fibers and plays a role in cell elongation. Acts synergistically with ROCK1 to promote SRC-dependent non-apoptotic plasma membrane blebbing.[1] [2] [3]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Formins induce the nucleation and polymerization of unbranched actin filaments. They share three homology domains required for profilin binding, actin polymerization, and regulation. Diaphanous-related formins (DRFs) are activated by GTPases of the Rho/Rac family, whose interaction with the N-terminal formin domain is thought to displace a C-terminal Diaphanous-autoregulatory domain (DAD). We have determined the structure of the N-terminal domains of FHOD1 consisting of a GTPase-binding domain (GBD) and the DAD-recognition domain FH3. In contrast to the formin mDia1, the FHOD1-GBD reveals a ubiquitin superfold as found similarly in c-Raf1 or PI3 kinase. This GBD is recruited by Rac and Ras GTPases in cells and plays an essential role for FHOD1-mediated actin remodeling. The FHOD1-FH3 domain is composed of five armadillo repeats, similarly to other formins. Mutation of one residue in the predicted DAD-interaction surface efficiently activates FHOD1 in cells. These results demonstrate that DRFs have evolved different molecular solutions to govern their autoregulation and GTPase specificity.
The human formin FHOD1 contains a bipartite structure of FH3 and GTPase-binding domains required for activation.,Schulte A, Stolp B, Schonichen A, Pylypenko O, Rak A, Fackler OT, Geyer M Structure. 2008 Sep 10;16(9):1313-23. PMID:18786395[4]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Takeya R, Sumimoto H. Fhos, a mammalian formin, directly binds to F-actin via a region N-terminal to the FH1 domain and forms a homotypic complex via the FH2 domain to promote actin fiber formation. J Cell Sci. 2003 Nov 15;116(Pt 22):4567-75. PMID:14576350 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.00769
- ↑ Gasteier JE, Schroeder S, Muranyi W, Madrid R, Benichou S, Fackler OT. FHOD1 coordinates actin filament and microtubule alignment to mediate cell elongation. Exp Cell Res. 2005 May 15;306(1):192-202. PMID:15878344 doi:http://dx.doi.org/S0014-4827(05)00052-2
- ↑ Hannemann S, Madrid R, Stastna J, Kitzing T, Gasteier J, Schonichen A, Bouchet J, Jimenez A, Geyer M, Grosse R, Benichou S, Fackler OT. The Diaphanous-related Formin FHOD1 associates with ROCK1 and promotes Src-dependent plasma membrane blebbing. J Biol Chem. 2008 Oct 10;283(41):27891-903. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M801800200. Epub, 2008 Aug 11. PMID:18694941 doi:10.1074/jbc.M801800200
- ↑ Schulte A, Stolp B, Schonichen A, Pylypenko O, Rak A, Fackler OT, Geyer M. The human formin FHOD1 contains a bipartite structure of FH3 and GTPase-binding domains required for activation. Structure. 2008 Sep 10;16(9):1313-23. PMID:18786395 doi:10.1016/j.str.2008.06.008
