Structural highlights
Function
[AK1BA_HUMAN] Acts as all-trans-retinaldehyde reductase. Can efficiently reduce aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes, and is less active on hexoses (in vitro). May be responsible for detoxification of reactive aldehydes in the digested food before the nutrients are passed on to other organs.[1]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Only one crystal structure is currently available for tumor marker AKR1B10, complexed with NADP(+) and tolrestat, which is an aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI) of the carboxylic acid type. Here, the X-ray structure of the complex of the V301L substituted AKR1B10 holoenzyme with fidarestat, an ARI of the cyclic imide type, was obtained at 1.60A resolution by replacement soaking of crystals containing tolrestat. Previously, fidarestat was found to be safe in phase III trials for diabetic neuropathy and, consistent with its low in vivo side effects, was highly selective for aldose reductase (AR or AKR1B1) versus aldehyde reductase (AKR1A1). Now, inhibition studies showed that fidarestat was indeed 1300-fold more selective for AR as compared to AKR1B10, while the change of Val to Leu (found in AR) caused a 20-fold decrease in the IC50 value with fidarestat. Structural analysis of the V301L AKR1B10-fidarestat complex displayed enzyme-inhibitor interactions similar to those of the AR-fidarestat complex. However, a close inspection of both the new crystal structure and a computer model of the wild-type AKR1B10 complex with fidarestat revealed subtle changes that could affect fidarestat binding. In the crystal structure, a significant motion of loop A was observed between AR and V301L AKR1B10, linked to a Phe-122/Phe-123 side chain displacement. This was due to the presence of the more voluminous Gln-303 side chain (Ser-302 in AR) and of a water molecule buried in a subpocket located at the base of flexible loop A. In the wild-type AKR1B10 model, a short contact was predicted between the Val-301 side chain and fidarestat, but would not be present in AR or in V301L AKR1B10. Overall, these changes could contribute to the difference in inhibitory potency of fidarestat between AR and AKR1B10.
X-ray structure of the V301L aldo-keto reductase 1B10 complexed with NADP(+) and the potent aldose reductase inhibitor fidarestat: Implications for inhibitor binding and selectivity.,Ruiz FX, Cousido-Siah A, Mitschler A, Farres J, Pares X, Podjarny A Chem Biol Interact. 2013 Feb 25;202(1-3):178-85. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.12.013. , Epub 2013 Jan 4. PMID:23295227[2]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Gallego O, Ruiz FX, Ardevol A, Dominguez M, Alvarez R, de Lera AR, Rovira C, Farres J, Fita I, Pares X. Structural basis for the high all-trans-retinaldehyde reductase activity of the tumor marker AKR1B10. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Dec 26;104(52):20764-9. Epub 2007 Dec 17. PMID:18087047
- ↑ Ruiz FX, Cousido-Siah A, Mitschler A, Farres J, Pares X, Podjarny A. X-ray structure of the V301L aldo-keto reductase 1B10 complexed with NADP(+) and the potent aldose reductase inhibitor fidarestat: Implications for inhibitor binding and selectivity. Chem Biol Interact. 2013 Feb 25;202(1-3):178-85. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.12.013. , Epub 2013 Jan 4. PMID:23295227 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2012.12.013
