2l3c

Structural highlights

Function

[RED1_RAT] Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) referred to as A-to-I RNA editing. This may affect gene expression and function in a number of ways that include mRNA translation by changing codons and hence the amino acid sequence of proteins; pre-mRNA splicing by altering splice site recognition sequences; RNA stability by changing sequences involved in nuclease recognition; genetic stability in the case of RNA virus genomes by changing sequences during viral RNA replication; and RNA structure-dependent activities such as microRNA production or targeting or protein-RNA interactions. Can edit both viral and cellular RNAs and can edit RNAs at multiple sites (hyper-editing) or at specific sites (site-specific editing). Its cellular RNA substrates include: bladder cancer-associated protein (BLCAP), neurotransmitter receptors for glutamate (GRIA2 and GRIK2) and serotonin (HTR2C), GABA receptor (GABRA3) and potassium voltage-gated channel (KCNA1). Site-specific RNA editing of transcripts encoding these proteins results in amino acid substitutions which consequently alter their functional activities. Edits GRIA2 at both the Q/R and R/G sites efficiently but converts the adenosine in hotspot1 much less efficiently (By similarity). Can inhibit cell proliferation and migration and can stimulate exocytosis.^{[1] [2] [3]}

References

1. ↑ Yang L, Zhao L, Gan Z, He Z, Xu J, Gao X, Wang X, Han W, Chen L, Xu T, Li W, Liu Y. Deficiency in RNA editing enzyme ADAR2 impairs regulated exocytosis. FASEB J. 2010 Oct;24(10):3720-32. doi: 10.1096/fj.09-152363. Epub 2010 May 25. PMID:20501795 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fj.09-152363
2. ↑ Stefl R, Xu M, Skrisovska L, Emeson RB, Allain FH. Structure and specific RNA binding of ADAR2 double-stranded RNA binding motifs. Structure. 2006 Feb;14(2):345-55. PMID:16472753 doi:10.1016/j.str.2005.11.013
3. ↑ Stefl R, Oberstrass FC, Hood JL, Jourdan M, Zimmermann M, Skrisovska L, Maris C, Peng L, Hofr C, Emeson RB, Allain FH. The solution structure of the ADAR2 dsRBM-RNA complex reveals a sequence-specific readout of the minor groove. Cell. 2010 Oct 15;143(2):225-37. PMID:20946981 doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.09.026
4. ↑ Stefl R, Oberstrass FC, Hood JL, Jourdan M, Zimmermann M, Skrisovska L, Maris C, Peng L, Hofr C, Emeson RB, Allain FH. The solution structure of the ADAR2 dsRBM-RNA complex reveals a sequence-specific readout of the minor groove. Cell. 2010 Oct 15;143(2):225-37. PMID:20946981 doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.09.026