Structural highlights
1h49 is a 2 chain structure with sequence from Zea mays. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
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| Ligands: | , |
| Related: | 1e1e, 1e1f, 1e4l, 1e4n, 1e55, 1e56, 1hxj |
| Activity: | Beta-glucosidase, with EC number 3.2.1.21 |
| Resources: | FirstGlance, OCA, RCSB, PDBsum |
Function
[BGLC_MAIZE] Is implicated in many functions such as ABA metabolism, hydrolysis of conjugated gibberellins, conversion of storage forms of cytokinins to active forms. Also acts in defense of young plant parts against pests via the production of hydroxamic acids from hydroxamic acid glucosides. Enzymatic activity is highly correlated with plant growth. The preferred substrate is DIMBOA-beta-D-glucoside. Hydrolyzes the chromogenic substrate 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-beta-D-glucoside (6BNGlc) and various artificial aryl beta-glucosides. No activity with cellobiose, arbutin, gentiobiose, linamarin or dhurrin as substrates.[1] [2] [3]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Plant beta-glucosidases display varying substrate specificities. The maize beta-glucosidase isozyme Glu1 (ZmGlu1) hydrolyzes a broad spectrum of substrates in addition to its natural substrate DIMBOA-Glc (2-O-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxaxin-3-one), whereas the sorghum beta-glucosidase isozyme Dhr1 (SbDhr1) hydrolyzes exclusively its natural substrate dhurrin (p-hydroxy-(S)-mandelonitrile-beta-d-glucoside). Structural data from cocrystals of enzyme-substrate and enzyme-aglycone complexes have shown that five amino acid residues (Phe198, Phe205, Trp378, Phe466, and Ala467) are located in the aglycone-binding site of ZmGlu1 and form the basis of aglycone recognition and binding, hence substrate specificity. To study the mechanism of substrate specificity further, mutant beta-glucosidases were generated by replacing Phe198, Phe205, Asp261, Met263, Phe377, Phe466, Ala467, and Phe473 of Glu1 by Dhr1 counterparts. The effects of mutations on enzyme activity and substrate specificity were studied using both natural and artificial substrates. The simple mutant replacing Phe198 by a valine had the most drastic effect on activity, because the capacity of this enzyme to hydrolyze beta-glucosides was almost completely abolished. The analysis of this mutation was completed by a structural study of the double mutant ZmGlu1-E191D,F198V in complex with the natural substrate. The structure reveals that the single mutation F198V causes a cascade of conformational changes, which are unpredictable by standard molecular modeling techniques. Some other mutations led to drastic effects: replacing Asp261 by an asparagine decreases the catalytic efficiency of this simple mutant by 75% although replacing Tyr473 by a phenylalanine increase its efficiency by 300% and also provides a new substrate specificity by hydrolyzing dhurrin.
Mutational and structural analysis of aglycone specificity in maize and sorghum beta-glucosidases.,Verdoucq L, Czjzek M, Moriniere J, Bevan DR, Esen A J Biol Chem. 2003 Jul 4;278(27):25055-62. Epub 2003 Apr 8. PMID:12684498[4]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Esen A. Purification and Partial Characterization of Maize (Zea mays L.) beta-Glucosidase. Plant Physiol. 1992 Jan;98(1):174-82. PMID:16668611
- ↑ Czjzek M, Cicek M, Zamboni V, Bevan DR, Henrissat B, Esen A. The mechanism of substrate (aglycone) specificity in beta -glucosidases is revealed by crystal structures of mutant maize beta -glucosidase-DIMBOA, -DIMBOAGlc, and -dhurrin complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Dec 5;97(25):13555-60. PMID:11106394 doi:10.1073/pnas.97.25.13555
- ↑ Cicek M, Esen A. Expression of soluble and catalytically active plant (monocot) beta-glucosidases in E. coli. Biotechnol Bioeng. 1999 May 20;63(4):392-400. PMID:10099619
- ↑ Verdoucq L, Czjzek M, Moriniere J, Bevan DR, Esen A. Mutational and structural analysis of aglycone specificity in maize and sorghum beta-glucosidases. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jul 4;278(27):25055-62. Epub 2003 Apr 8. PMID:12684498 doi:10.1074/jbc.M301978200
