1l3e

Structural highlights

Disease

[EP300_HUMAN] Note=Defects in EP300 may play a role in epithelial cancer. Note=Chromosomal aberrations involving EP300 may be a cause of acute myeloid leukemias. Translocation t(8;22)(p11;q13) with KAT6A. Defects in EP300 are the cause of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome type 2 (RSTS2) [MIM:613684]. A disorder characterized by craniofacial abnormalities, postnatal growth deficiency, broad thumbs, broad big toes, mental retardation and a propensity for development of malignancies. Some individuals with RSTS2 have less severe mental impairment, more severe microcephaly, and a greater degree of changes in facial bone structure than RSTS1 patients.^[1]

Function

[HIF1A_HUMAN] Functions as a master transcriptional regulator of the adaptive response to hypoxia. Under hypoxic conditions, activates the transcription of over 40 genes, including erythropoietin, glucose transporters, glycolytic enzymes, vascular endothelial growth factor, HILPDA, and other genes whose protein products increase oxygen delivery or facilitate metabolic adaptation to hypoxia. Plays an essential role in embryonic vascularization, tumor angiogenesis and pathophysiology of ischemic disease. Binds to core DNA sequence 5'-[AG]CGTG-3' within the hypoxia response element (HRE) of target gene promoters. Activation requires recruitment of transcriptional coactivators such as CREBPB and EP300. Activity is enhanced by interaction with both, NCOA1 or NCOA2. Interaction with redox regulatory protein APEX seems to activate CTAD and potentiates activation by NCOA1 and CREBBP. Involved in the axonal distribution and transport of mitochondria in neurons during hypoxia.^{[2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]} [EP300_HUMAN] Functions as histone acetyltransferase and regulates transcription via chromatin remodeling. Acetylates all four core histones in nucleosomes. Histone acetylation gives an epigenetic tag for transcriptional activation. Mediates cAMP-gene regulation by binding specifically to phosphorylated CREB protein. Also functions as acetyltransferase for nonhistone targets. Acetylates 'Lys-131' of ALX1 and acts as its coactivator in the presence of CREBBP. Acetylates SIRT2 and is proposed to indirectly increase the transcriptional activity of TP53 through acetylation and subsequent attenuation of SIRT2 deacetylase function. Acetylates HDAC1 leading to its inactivation and modulation of transcription. Acts as a TFAP2A-mediated transcriptional coactivator in presence of CITED2. Plays a role as a coactivator of NEUROD1-dependent transcription of the secretin and p21 genes and controls terminal differentiation of cells in the intestinal epithelium. Promotes cardiac myocyte enlargement. Can also mediate transcriptional repression. Binds to and may be involved in the transforming capacity of the adenovirus E1A protein. In case of HIV-1 infection, it is recruited by the viral protein Tat. Regulates Tat's transactivating activity and may help inducing chromatin remodeling of proviral genes. Acetylates FOXO1 and enhances its transcriptional activity.^{[11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19]}

Evolutionary Conservation

Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.

See Also

• Factor inhibiting HIF

References

1. ↑ Roelfsema JH, White SJ, Ariyurek Y, Bartholdi D, Niedrist D, Papadia F, Bacino CA, den Dunnen JT, van Ommen GJ, Breuning MH, Hennekam RC, Peters DJ. Genetic heterogeneity in Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome: mutations in both the CBP and EP300 genes cause disease. Am J Hum Genet. 2005 Apr;76(4):572-80. Epub 2005 Feb 10. PMID:15706485 doi:S0002-9297(07)62869-9
2. ↑ Bhattacharya S, Michels CL, Leung MK, Arany ZP, Kung AL, Livingston DM. Functional role of p35srj, a novel p300/CBP binding protein, during transactivation by HIF-1. Genes Dev. 1999 Jan 1;13(1):64-75. PMID:9887100
3. ↑ Masson N, Willam C, Maxwell PH, Pugh CW, Ratcliffe PJ. Independent function of two destruction domains in hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha chains activated by prolyl hydroxylation. EMBO J. 2001 Sep 17;20(18):5197-206. PMID:11566883 doi:10.1093/emboj/20.18.5197
4. ↑ Jaakkola P, Mole DR, Tian YM, Wilson MI, Gielbert J, Gaskell SJ, von Kriegsheim A, Hebestreit HF, Mukherji M, Schofield CJ, Maxwell PH, Pugh CW, Ratcliffe PJ. Targeting of HIF-alpha to the von Hippel-Lindau ubiquitylation complex by O2-regulated prolyl hydroxylation. Science. 2001 Apr 20;292(5516):468-72. Epub 2001 Apr 5. PMID:11292861 doi:10.1126/science.1059796
5. ↑ Bae SH, Jeong JW, Park JA, Kim SH, Bae MK, Choi SJ, Kim KW. Sumoylation increases HIF-1alpha stability and its transcriptional activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Nov 5;324(1):394-400. PMID:15465032 doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.09.068
6. ↑ Fath DM, Kong X, Liang D, Lin Z, Chou A, Jiang Y, Fang J, Caro J, Sang N. Histone deacetylase inhibitors repress the transactivation potential of hypoxia-inducible factors independently of direct acetylation of HIF-alpha. J Biol Chem. 2006 May 12;281(19):13612-9. Epub 2006 Mar 15. PMID:16543236 doi:M600456200
7. ↑ Choi SM, Choi KO, Park YK, Cho H, Yang EG, Park H. Clioquinol, a Cu(II)/Zn(II) chelator, inhibits both ubiquitination and asparagine hydroxylation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha, leading to expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin in normoxic cells. J Biol Chem. 2006 Nov 10;281(45):34056-63. Epub 2006 Sep 13. PMID:16973622 doi:M603913200
8. ↑ Berta MA, Mazure N, Hattab M, Pouyssegur J, Brahimi-Horn MC. SUMOylation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha reduces its transcriptional activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Aug 31;360(3):646-52. Epub 2007 Jun 27. PMID:17610843 doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.06.103
9. ↑ Li Y, Lim S, Hoffman D, Aspenstrom P, Federoff HJ, Rempe DA. HUMMR, a hypoxia- and HIF-1alpha-inducible protein, alters mitochondrial distribution and transport. J Cell Biol. 2009 Jun 15;185(6):1065-81. doi: 10.1083/jcb.200811033. PMID:19528298 doi:10.1083/jcb.200811033
10. ↑ Gimm T, Wiese M, Teschemacher B, Deggerich A, Schodel J, Knaup KX, Hackenbeck T, Hellerbrand C, Amann K, Wiesener MS, Honing S, Eckardt KU, Warnecke C. Hypoxia-inducible protein 2 is a novel lipid droplet protein and a specific target gene of hypoxia-inducible factor-1. FASEB J. 2010 Nov;24(11):4443-58. doi: 10.1096/fj.10-159806. Epub 2010 Jul 12. PMID:20624928 doi:10.1096/fj.10-159806
11. ↑ Xu W, Chen H, Du K, Asahara H, Tini M, Emerson BM, Montminy M, Evans RM. A transcriptional switch mediated by cofactor methylation. Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2507-11. Epub 2001 Nov 8. PMID:11701890 doi:10.1126/science.1065961
12. ↑ Snowden AW, Anderson LA, Webster GA, Perkins ND. A novel transcriptional repression domain mediates p21(WAF1/CIP1) induction of p300 transactivation. Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Apr;20(8):2676-86. PMID:10733570
13. ↑ Hasan S, Stucki M, Hassa PO, Imhof R, Gehrig P, Hunziker P, Hubscher U, Hottiger MO. Regulation of human flap endonuclease-1 activity by acetylation through the transcriptional coactivator p300. Mol Cell. 2001 Jun;7(6):1221-31. PMID:11430825
14. ↑ Braganca J, Eloranta JJ, Bamforth SD, Ibbitt JC, Hurst HC, Bhattacharya S. Physical and functional interactions among AP-2 transcription factors, p300/CREB-binding protein, and CITED2. J Biol Chem. 2003 May 2;278(18):16021-9. Epub 2003 Feb 12. PMID:12586840 doi:10.1074/jbc.M208144200
15. ↑ Iioka T, Furukawa K, Yamaguchi A, Shindo H, Yamashita S, Tsukazaki T. P300/CBP acts as a coactivator to cartilage homeoprotein-1 (Cart1), paired-like homeoprotein, through acetylation of the conserved lysine residue adjacent to the homeodomain. J Bone Miner Res. 2003 Aug;18(8):1419-29. PMID:12929931 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.8.1419
16. ↑ An W, Kim J, Roeder RG. Ordered cooperative functions of PRMT1, p300, and CARM1 in transcriptional activation by p53. Cell. 2004 Jun 11;117(6):735-48. PMID:15186775 doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.05.009
17. ↑ Perrot V, Rechler MM. The coactivator p300 directly acetylates the forkhead transcription factor Foxo1 and stimulates Foxo1-induced transcription. Mol Endocrinol. 2005 Sep;19(9):2283-98. Epub 2005 May 12. PMID:15890677 doi:10.1210/me.2004-0292
18. ↑ Qiu Y, Zhao Y, Becker M, John S, Parekh BS, Huang S, Hendarwanto A, Martinez ED, Chen Y, Lu H, Adkins NL, Stavreva DA, Wiench M, Georgel PT, Schiltz RL, Hager GL. HDAC1 acetylation is linked to progressive modulation of steroid receptor-induced gene transcription. Mol Cell. 2006 Jun 9;22(5):669-79. PMID:16762839 doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2006.04.019
19. ↑ Han Y, Jin YH, Kim YJ, Kang BY, Choi HJ, Kim DW, Yeo CY, Lee KY. Acetylation of Sirt2 by p300 attenuates its deacetylase activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Oct 31;375(4):576-80. doi:, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.08.042. Epub 2008 Aug 21. PMID:18722353 doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.08.042
20. ↑ Freedman SJ, Sun ZY, Poy F, Kung AL, Livingston DM, Wagner G, Eck MJ. Structural basis for recruitment of CBP/p300 by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Apr 16;99(8):5367-72. PMID:11959990 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.082117899