Structural highlights
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Barley limit dextrinase [Hordeum vulgare limit dextrinase (HvLD)] catalyzes the hydrolysis of alpha-1,6 glucosidic linkages in limit dextrins. This activity plays a role in starch degradation during germination and presumably in starch biosynthesis during grain filling. The crystal structures of HvLD in complex with the competitive inhibitors alpha-cyclodextrin (CD) and beta-CD are solved and refined to 2.5 A and 2.1 A, respectively, and are the first structures of a limit dextrinase. HvLD belongs to glycoside hydrolase 13 family and is composed of four domains: an immunoglobulin-like N-terminal eight-stranded beta-sandwich domain, a six-stranded beta-sandwich domain belonging to the carbohydrate binding module 48 family, a catalytic (beta/alpha)(8)-like barrel domain that lacks alpha-helix 5, and a C-terminal eight-stranded beta-sandwich domain of unknown function. The CDs are bound at the active site occupying carbohydrate binding subsites +1 and +2. A glycerol and three water molecules mimic a glucose residue at subsite -1, thereby identifying residues involved in catalysis. The bulky Met440, a unique residue at its position among alpha-1,6 acting enzymes, obstructs subsite -4. The steric hindrance observed is proposed to affect substrate specificity and to cause a low activity of HvLD towards amylopectin. An extended loop (Asp513-Asn520) between beta5 and beta6 of the catalytic domain also seems to influence substrate specificity and to give HvLD a higher affinity for alpha-CD than pullulanases. The crystal structures additionally provide new insight into cation sites and the concerted action of the battery of hydrolytic enzymes in starch degradation.
Crystal structure of an essential enzyme in seed starch degradation: barley limit dextrinase in complex with cyclodextrins.,Vester-Christensen MB, Abou Hachem M, Svensson B, Henriksen A J Mol Biol. 2010 Nov 12;403(5):739-50. Epub 2010 Sep 21. PMID:20863834[1]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Vester-Christensen MB, Abou Hachem M, Svensson B, Henriksen A. Crystal structure of an essential enzyme in seed starch degradation: barley limit dextrinase in complex with cyclodextrins. J Mol Biol. 2010 Nov 12;403(5):739-50. Epub 2010 Sep 21. PMID:20863834 doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2010.09.031
