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5a3u

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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
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The hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) system is central to the signaling of low oxygen (hypoxia) in animals. The levels of HIF-alpha isoforms are regulated in an oxygen-dependent manner by the activity of the HIF prolyl-hydroxylases (PHD or EGLN enzymes), which are Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) dependent oxygenases. Here, we describe biochemical, crystallographic and cellular profiling studies on PHD inhibitors including selectivity studies using a representative set of human 2OG oxygenases. We identify suitable probe compounds for use in studies on the functional effects of PHD inhibition in cells and in animals.
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As part of the cellular adaptation to limiting oxygen availability in animals, the expression of a large set of genes is activated by the upregulation of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs). Therapeutic activation of the natural human hypoxic response can be achieved by the inhibition of the hypoxia sensors for the HIF system, i.e. the HIF prolyl-hydroxylases (PHDs). Here, we report studies on tricyclic triazole-containing compounds as potent and selective PHD inhibitors which compete with the 2-oxoglutarate co-substrate. One compound (IOX4) induces HIFalpha in cells and in wildtype mice with marked induction in the brain tissue, revealing that it is useful for studies aimed at validating the upregulation of HIF for treatment of cerebral diseases including stroke.
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Selective Small Molecule Probes for the Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) Prolyl Hydroxylases.,Chowdhury R, Candela-Lena JI, Chan MC, Greenald DJ, Yeoh KK, Tian YM, McDonough MA, Tumber A, Rose NR, Conejo-Garcia A, Demetriades M, Mathavan S, Kawamura A, Lee MK, van Eeden F, Pugh CW, Ratcliffe PJ, Schofield CJ ACS Chem Biol. 2013 May 17. PMID:23683440<ref>PMID:23683440</ref>
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Potent and Selective Triazole-Based Inhibitors of the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Prolyl-Hydroxylases with Activity in the Murine Brain.,Chan MC, Atasoylu O, Hodson E, Tumber A, Leung IK, Chowdhury R, Gomez-Perez V, Demetriades M, Rydzik AM, Holt-Martyn J, Tian YM, Bishop T, Claridge TD, Kawamura A, Pugh CW, Ratcliffe PJ, Schofield CJ PLoS One. 2015 Jul 6;10(7):e0132004. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132004., eCollection 2015. PMID:26147748<ref>PMID:26147748</ref>
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>

Revision as of 08:11, 22 July 2015

HIF prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2/EGLN1) in complex with 6-(5-oxo-4-(1H- 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)nicotinic acid

5a3u, resolution 3.30Å

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