This old version of Proteopedia is provided for student assignments while the new version is undergoing repairs. Content and edits done in this old version of Proteopedia after March 1, 2026 will eventually be lost when it is retired in about June of 2026.

Apply for new accounts at the new Proteopedia. Your logins will work in both the old and new versions.

1hyk

From Proteopedia

(Difference between revisions)

Jump to: navigation, search

Revision as of 02:27, 10 September 2015

AGOUTI-RELATED PROTEIN (87-132) (AC-AGRP(87-132))

Structural highlights

1hyk is a 1 chain structure. This structure supersedes the now removed PDB entry 1qu8. Full experimental information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
Related:	1qu8
Resources:	FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum

Disease

[AGRP_HUMAN] Genetic variations in AGRP may be a cause of obesity (OBESITY) [MIM:601665]. It is a condition characterized by an increase of body weight beyond the limitation of skeletal and physical requirements, as the result of excessive accumulation of body fat.^[1]

Function

[AGRP_HUMAN] Plays a role in weight homeostasis. Involved in the control of feeding behavior through the central melanocortin system. Acts as alpha melanocyte-stimulating hormone antagonist by inhibiting cAMP production mediated by stimulation of melanocortin receptors within the hypothalamus and adrenal gland. Has very low activity with MC5R (By similarity). Is an inverse agonist for MC3R and MC4R being able to suppress their constitutive activity. It promotes MC3R and MC4R endocytosis in an arrestin-dependent manner.^[2] ^[3] ^[4] ^[5] ^[6]

Evolutionary Conservation

Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.

Publication Abstract from PubMed

The structure of the chemically synthesized C-terminal region of the human agouti related protein (AGRP) was determined by 2D 1H NMR. Referred to as minimized agouti related protein, MARP is a 46 residue polypeptide containing 10 Cys residues involved in five disulfide bonds that retains the biological activity of full length AGRP. AGRP is a mammalian signaling molecule, involved in weight homeostasis, that causes adult onset obesity when overexpressed in mice. AGRP was originally identified by homology to the agouti protein, another potent signaling molecule involved in obesity disorders in mice. While AGRP's exact mechanism of action is unknown, it has been identified as a competitive antagonist of melanocortin receptors 3 and 4 (MC3r, MC4r), and MC4r in particular is implicated in the hypothalamic control of feeding behavior. Full length agouti and AGRP are only 25% homologous, however, their active C-terminal regions are approximately 40% homologous, with nine out of the 10 Cys residues spatially conserved. Until now, 3D structures have not been available for either agouti, AGRP or their C-terminal regions. The NMR structure of MARP reported here can be characterized as three major loops, with four of the five disulfide bridges at the base of the structure. Though its fold is well defined, no canonical secondary structure is identified. While previously reported structural models of the C-terminal region of AGRP were attempted based on Cys homology between AGRP and certain toxin proteins, we find that Cys spacing is not sufficient to correctly determine the 3D fold of the molecule.

NMR structure of a minimized human agouti related protein prepared by total chemical synthesis.,Bolin KA, Anderson DJ, Trulson JA, Thompson DA, Wilken J, Kent SB, Gantz I, Millhauser GL FEBS Lett. 1999 May 21;451(2):125-31. PMID:10371151^[7]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

References

↑ Argyropoulos G, Rankinen T, Neufeld DR, Rice T, Province MA, Leon AS, Skinner JS, Wilmore JH, Rao DC, Bouchard C. A polymorphism in the human agouti-related protein is associated with late-onset obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Sep;87(9):4198-202. PMID:12213871
↑ Yang YK, Thompson DA, Dickinson CJ, Wilken J, Barsh GS, Kent SB, Gantz I. Characterization of Agouti-related protein binding to melanocortin receptors. Mol Endocrinol. 1999 Jan;13(1):148-55. PMID:9892020
↑ Nijenhuis WA, Oosterom J, Adan RA. AgRP(83-132) acts as an inverse agonist on the human-melanocortin-4 receptor. Mol Endocrinol. 2001 Jan;15(1):164-71. PMID:11145747
↑ Breit A, Wolff K, Kalwa H, Jarry H, Buch T, Gudermann T. The natural inverse agonist agouti-related protein induces arrestin-mediated endocytosis of melanocortin-3 and -4 receptors. J Biol Chem. 2006 Dec 8;281(49):37447-56. Epub 2006 Oct 14. PMID:17041250 doi:10.1074/jbc.M605982200
↑ Bolin KA, Anderson DJ, Trulson JA, Thompson DA, Wilken J, Kent SB, Gantz I, Millhauser GL. NMR structure of a minimized human agouti related protein prepared by total chemical synthesis. FEBS Lett. 1999 May 21;451(2):125-31. PMID:10371151
↑ de Rijke CE, Jackson PJ, Garner KM, van Rozen RJ, Douglas NR, Kas MJ, Millhauser GL, Adan RA. Functional analysis of the Ala67Thr polymorphism in agouti related protein associated with anorexia nervosa and leanness. Biochem Pharmacol. 2005 Jul 15;70(2):308-16. PMID:15927146 doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2005.04.033
↑ Bolin KA, Anderson DJ, Trulson JA, Thompson DA, Wilken J, Kent SB, Gantz I, Millhauser GL. NMR structure of a minimized human agouti related protein prepared by total chemical synthesis. FEBS Lett. 1999 May 21;451(2):125-31. PMID:10371151

1 Structural highlights
2 Disease
3 Function
4 Evolutionary Conservation
5 Publication Abstract from PubMed
6 References

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

OCA

Retrieved from "http://52.214.119.220/wiki/index.php/1hyk"

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 <table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1hyk]] is a 1 chain structure. This structure supersedes the now removed PDB entry [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/send-pdb?obs=1&id=1qu8 1qu8]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1HYK OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1HYK FirstGlance]. <br>
 </td></tr><tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1qu8|1qu8]]</td></tr>
-<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1hyk FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1hyk OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1hyk RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1hyk PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
+<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1hyk FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1hyk OCA], [http://pdbe.org/1hyk PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1hyk RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1hyk PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
 </table>
 == Disease ==
@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
 From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
 </div>
+<div class="pdbe-citations 1hyk" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
 == References ==
 <references/>

1hyk

From Proteopedia

Revision as of 02:27, 10 September 2015

AGOUTI-RELATED PROTEIN (87-132) (AC-AGRP(87-132))

Structural highlights

Disease

Function

Evolutionary Conservation

Publication Abstract from PubMed

References

Contents

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Views

Personal tools

Navigation

Search

Toolbox