| Structural highlights
Function
[PSD10_HUMAN] Acts as a chaperone during the assembly of the 26S proteasome, specifically of the PA700/19S regulatory complex (RC). In the initial step of the base subcomplex assembly is part of an intermediate PSMD10:PSMC4:PSMC5:PAAF1 module which probably assembles with a PSMD5:PSMC2:PSMC1:PSMD2 module. Independently of the proteasome, regulates EGF-induced AKT activation through inhibition of the RHOA/ROCK/PTEN pahway, leading to prolonged AKT activation. Plays an important role in RAS-induced tumorigenesis.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] Acts as an proto-oncoprotein by being involved in negative regulation of tumor suppressors RB1 and p53/TP53. Overexpression is leading to phosphorylation of RB1 and proteasomal degradation of RB1. Regulates CDK4-mediated phosphorylation of RB1 by competing with CDKN2A for binding with CDK4. Facilitates binding of MDM2 to p53/TP53 and the mono- and polyubiquitination of p53/TP53 by MDM2 suggesting a function in targeting the TP53:MDM2 complex to the 26S proteasome. Involved in p53-independent apoptosis. Involved in regulation of NF-kappa-B by retaining it in the cytoplasm. Binds to the NF-kappa-B component RELA and accelerates its XPO1/CRM1-mediated nuclear export.[9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Gankyrin is a 25-kDa hepatocellular carcinoma-associated protein that mediates protein-protein interactions in cell cycle control and protein degradation. It has been reported to form complexes with cyclin-dependent kinase 4, retinoblastoma protein, the S6b ATPase subunit of the 19 S regulator of the 26 S proteasome, and Mdm2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in p53 degradation. It is the first protein described to bind both to the 26 S proteasome and to proteins in other complexes containing cyclin-dependent kinase(s) and p53 ubiquitylating activities, thus providing a mechanism for delivering cell cycle regulating machinery and ubiquitylated substrates to the proteasome for degradation. Gankyrin contains a 33-residue motif known as the ankyrin repeat that occurs five and a half to six times in the sequence. As a step toward understanding gankyrin interactions with its protein partners we have determined its three-dimensional crystal structure to 2.0-A resolution. It reveals that the entire 226-residue gankyrin polypeptide folds into seven ankyrin repeat elements. The ankyrin repeats, consisting of an antiparallel beta-hairpin followed by a perpendicularly oriented helix-loop-helix, pack side-by-side, creating an extended curved structure with a groove running across the long concave surface. Comparison with the structures of other ankyrin repeat proteins suggests that interactions with partner proteins are mediated by residues situated on this concave surface.
The crystal structure of gankyrin, an oncoprotein found in complexes with cyclin-dependent kinase 4, a 19 S proteasomal ATPase regulator, and the tumor suppressors Rb and p53.,Krzywda S, Brzozowski AM, Higashitsuji H, Fujita J, Welchman R, Dawson S, Mayer RJ, Wilkinson AJ J Biol Chem. 2004 Jan 9;279(2):1541-5. Epub 2003 Oct 22. PMID:14573599[17]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Higashitsuji H, Itoh K, Nagao T, Dawson S, Nonoguchi K, Kido T, Mayer RJ, Arii S, Fujita J. Reduced stability of retinoblastoma protein by gankyrin, an oncogenic ankyrin-repeat protein overexpressed in hepatomas. Nat Med. 2000 Jan;6(1):96-9. PMID:10613832 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/71600
- ↑ Li J, Tsai MD. Novel insights into the INK4-CDK4/6-Rb pathway: counter action of gankyrin against INK4 proteins regulates the CDK4-mediated phosphorylation of Rb. Biochemistry. 2002 Mar 26;41(12):3977-83. PMID:11900540
- ↑ Dawson S, Apcher S, Mee M, Higashitsuji H, Baker R, Uhle S, Dubiel W, Fujita J, Mayer RJ. Gankyrin is an ankyrin-repeat oncoprotein that interacts with CDK4 kinase and the S6 ATPase of the 26 S proteasome. J Biol Chem. 2002 Mar 29;277(13):10893-902. Epub 2002 Jan 4. PMID:11779854 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M107313200
- ↑ Higashitsuji H, Higashitsuji H, Itoh K, Sakurai T, Nagao T, Sumitomo Y, Masuda T, Dawson S, Shimada Y, Mayer RJ, Fujita J. The oncoprotein gankyrin binds to MDM2/HDM2, enhancing ubiquitylation and degradation of p53. Cancer Cell. 2005 Jul;8(1):75-87. PMID:16023600 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2005.06.006
- ↑ Chen Y, Li HH, Fu J, Wang XF, Ren YB, Dong LW, Tang SH, Liu SQ, Wu MC, Wang HY. Oncoprotein p28 GANK binds to RelA and retains NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm through nuclear export. Cell Res. 2007 Dec;17(12):1020-9. PMID:18040287 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cr.2007.99
- ↑ Kaneko T, Hamazaki J, Iemura S, Sasaki K, Furuyama K, Natsume T, Tanaka K, Murata S. Assembly pathway of the Mammalian proteasome base subcomplex is mediated by multiple specific chaperones. Cell. 2009 May 29;137(5):914-25. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.05.008. PMID:19490896 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.05.008
- ↑ Wang J, Wang XF, Zhang LG, Xie SY, Li ZL, Li YJ, Li HH, Jiao F. Involvement of the mitochondrial pathway in p53-independent apoptosis induced by p28GANK knockdown in Hep3B cells. Cytogenet Genome Res. 2009;125(2):87-97. doi: 10.1159/000227831. Epub 2009 Aug, 31. PMID:19729910 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000227831
- ↑ Man JH, Liang B, Gu YX, Zhou T, Li AL, Li T, Jin BF, Bai B, Zhang HY, Zhang WN, Li WH, Gong WL, Li HY, Zhang XM. Gankyrin plays an essential role in Ras-induced tumorigenesis through regulation of the RhoA/ROCK pathway in mammalian cells. J Clin Invest. 2010 Aug;120(8):2829-41. doi: 10.1172/JCI42542. Epub 2010 Jul 12. PMID:20628200 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI42542
- ↑ Higashitsuji H, Itoh K, Nagao T, Dawson S, Nonoguchi K, Kido T, Mayer RJ, Arii S, Fujita J. Reduced stability of retinoblastoma protein by gankyrin, an oncogenic ankyrin-repeat protein overexpressed in hepatomas. Nat Med. 2000 Jan;6(1):96-9. PMID:10613832 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/71600
- ↑ Li J, Tsai MD. Novel insights into the INK4-CDK4/6-Rb pathway: counter action of gankyrin against INK4 proteins regulates the CDK4-mediated phosphorylation of Rb. Biochemistry. 2002 Mar 26;41(12):3977-83. PMID:11900540
- ↑ Dawson S, Apcher S, Mee M, Higashitsuji H, Baker R, Uhle S, Dubiel W, Fujita J, Mayer RJ. Gankyrin is an ankyrin-repeat oncoprotein that interacts with CDK4 kinase and the S6 ATPase of the 26 S proteasome. J Biol Chem. 2002 Mar 29;277(13):10893-902. Epub 2002 Jan 4. PMID:11779854 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M107313200
- ↑ Higashitsuji H, Higashitsuji H, Itoh K, Sakurai T, Nagao T, Sumitomo Y, Masuda T, Dawson S, Shimada Y, Mayer RJ, Fujita J. The oncoprotein gankyrin binds to MDM2/HDM2, enhancing ubiquitylation and degradation of p53. Cancer Cell. 2005 Jul;8(1):75-87. PMID:16023600 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2005.06.006
- ↑ Chen Y, Li HH, Fu J, Wang XF, Ren YB, Dong LW, Tang SH, Liu SQ, Wu MC, Wang HY. Oncoprotein p28 GANK binds to RelA and retains NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm through nuclear export. Cell Res. 2007 Dec;17(12):1020-9. PMID:18040287 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cr.2007.99
- ↑ Kaneko T, Hamazaki J, Iemura S, Sasaki K, Furuyama K, Natsume T, Tanaka K, Murata S. Assembly pathway of the Mammalian proteasome base subcomplex is mediated by multiple specific chaperones. Cell. 2009 May 29;137(5):914-25. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.05.008. PMID:19490896 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2009.05.008
- ↑ Wang J, Wang XF, Zhang LG, Xie SY, Li ZL, Li YJ, Li HH, Jiao F. Involvement of the mitochondrial pathway in p53-independent apoptosis induced by p28GANK knockdown in Hep3B cells. Cytogenet Genome Res. 2009;125(2):87-97. doi: 10.1159/000227831. Epub 2009 Aug, 31. PMID:19729910 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000227831
- ↑ Man JH, Liang B, Gu YX, Zhou T, Li AL, Li T, Jin BF, Bai B, Zhang HY, Zhang WN, Li WH, Gong WL, Li HY, Zhang XM. Gankyrin plays an essential role in Ras-induced tumorigenesis through regulation of the RhoA/ROCK pathway in mammalian cells. J Clin Invest. 2010 Aug;120(8):2829-41. doi: 10.1172/JCI42542. Epub 2010 Jul 12. PMID:20628200 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI42542
- ↑ Krzywda S, Brzozowski AM, Higashitsuji H, Fujita J, Welchman R, Dawson S, Mayer RJ, Wilkinson AJ. The crystal structure of gankyrin, an oncoprotein found in complexes with cyclin-dependent kinase 4, a 19 S proteasomal ATPase regulator, and the tumor suppressors Rb and p53. J Biol Chem. 2004 Jan 9;279(2):1541-5. Epub 2003 Oct 22. PMID:14573599 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M310265200
|
