| Structural highlights
Disease
[KMT2A_HUMAN] Acute myeloid leukemia with 11q23 abnormalities;Precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia;Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome;Acute biphenotypic leukemia;Acute undifferentiated leukemia;Bilineal acute leukemia. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Chromosomal aberrations involving KMT2A are a cause of acute leukemias. Translocation t(1;11)(q21;q23) with MLLT11/AF1Q; translocation t(3;11)(p21;q23) with NCKIPSD/AF3p21; translocation t(3,11)(q25,q23) with GMPS; translocation t(4;11)(q21;q23) with AFF1/MLLT2/AF4; insertion ins(5;11)(q31;q13q23) with AFF4/AF5Q31; translocation t(5;11)(q12;q23) with AF5-alpha/CENPK; translocation t(6;11)(q27;q23) with MLLT4/AF6; translocation t(9;11)(p22;q23) with MLLT3/AF9; translocation t(10;11)(p11.2;q23) with ABI1; translocation t(10;11)(p12;q23) with MLLT10/AF10; t(11;15)(q23;q14) with CASC5 and ZFYVE19; translocation t(11;17)(q23;q21) with MLLT6/AF17; translocation t(11;19)(q23;p13.3) with ELL; translocation t(11;19)(q23;p13.3) with MLLT1/ENL; translocation t(11;19)(q23;p23) with GAS7; translocation t(X;11)(q13;q23) with FOXO4/AFX1. Translocation t(3;11)(q28;q23) with LPP. Translocation t(10;11)(q22;q23) with TET1. Translocation t(9;11)(q34;q23) with DAB2IP. Translocation t(4;11)(p12;q23) with FRYL. Fusion proteins KMT2A-MLLT1, KMT2A-MLLT3 and KMT2A-ELL interact with PPP1R15A and, on the contrary to unfused KMT2A, inhibit PPP1R15A-induced apoptosis. A chromosomal aberration involving KMT2A may be a cause of chronic neutrophilic leukemia. Translocation t(4;11)(q21;q23) with SEPT11. [PSIP1_HUMAN] Note=A chromosomal aberration involving PSIP1 is associated with pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with intermediate characteristics between M2-M3 French-American-British (FAB) subtypes. Translocation t(9;11)(p22;p15) with NUP98. The chimeric transcript is an in-frame fusion of NUP98 exon 8 to PSIP1/LEDGF exon 4.
Function
[KMT2A_HUMAN] Histone methyltransferase that plays an essential role in early development and hematopoiesis. Catalytic subunit of the MLL1/MLL complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates both methylation of 'Lys-4' of histone H3 (H3K4me) complex and acetylation of 'Lys-16' of histone H4 (H4K16ac). In the MLL1/MLL complex, it specifically mediates H3K4me, a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation. Has weak methyltransferase activity by itself, and requires other component of the MLL1/MLL complex to obtain full methyltransferase activity. Has no activity toward histone H3 phosphorylated on 'Thr-3', less activity toward H3 dimethylated on 'Arg-8' or 'Lys-9', while it has higher activity toward H3 acetylated on 'Lys-9'. Required for transcriptional activation of HOXA9. Promotes PPP1R15A-induced apoptosis.[1] [2] [3] [4] [PSIP1_HUMAN] Transcriptional coactivator involved in neuroepithelial stem cell differentiation and neurogenesis. Involved in particular in lens epithelial cell gene regulation and stress responses. May play an important role in lens epithelial to fiber cell terminal differentiation. May play a protective role during stress-induced apoptosis. Isoform 2 is a more general and stronger transcriptional coactivator. Isoform 2 may also act as an adapter to coordinate pre-mRNA splicing. Cellular cofactor for lentiviral integration.[5]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) fusion-driven acute leukemias represent a genetically distinct subset of leukemias with poor prognosis. MLL forms a ternary complex with the lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF/p75) and MENIN. LEDGF/p75, a chromatin reader recognizing H3K36me3 marks, contributes to the association of the MLL multiprotein complex to chromatin. Formation of this complex is critical for the development of MLL leukemia. Available X-ray data represent only a partial structure of the LEDGF/p75-MLL-MENIN complex. Using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we identified an additional LEDGF/p75-MLL interface, which overlaps with the binding site of known LEDGF/p75 interactors-HIV-1 integrase, PogZ, and JPO2. Binding of these proteins or MLL to LEDGF/p75 is mutually exclusive. The resolved structure, as well as mutational analysis, shows that the interaction is primarily sustained via two aromatic residues of MLL (F148 and F151). Colony-forming assays in MLL-AF9(+) leukemic cells expressing MLL interaction-defective LEDGF/p75 mutants revealed that this interaction is essential for transformation. Finally, we show that the clonogenic growth of primary murine MLL-AF9-expressing leukemic blasts is selectively impaired upon overexpression of a LEDGF/p75-binding cyclic peptide CP65, originally developed to inhibit the LEDGF/p75-HIV-1 integrase interaction. The newly defined protein-protein interface therefore represents a new target for the development of therapeutics against LEDGF/p75-dependent MLL fusion-driven leukemic disorders. Cancer Res; 74(18); 5139-51. (c)2014 AACR.
Validation and Structural Characterization of the LEDGF/p75-MLL Interface as a New Target for the Treatment of MLL-Dependent Leukemia.,Cermakova K, Tesina P, Demeulemeester J, El Ashkar S, Mereau H, Schwaller J, Rezacova P, Veverka V, De Rijck J Cancer Res. 2014 Sep 15;74(18):5139-51. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-3602. Epub , 2014 Jul 31. PMID:25082813[6]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Adler HT, Chinery R, Wu DY, Kussick SJ, Payne JM, Fornace AJ Jr, Tkachuk DC. Leukemic HRX fusion proteins inhibit GADD34-induced apoptosis and associate with the GADD34 and hSNF5/INI1 proteins. Mol Cell Biol. 1999 Oct;19(10):7050-60. PMID:10490642
- ↑ Nakamura T, Mori T, Tada S, Krajewski W, Rozovskaia T, Wassell R, Dubois G, Mazo A, Croce CM, Canaani E. ALL-1 is a histone methyltransferase that assembles a supercomplex of proteins involved in transcriptional regulation. Mol Cell. 2002 Nov;10(5):1119-28. PMID:12453419
- ↑ Dou Y, Milne TA, Tackett AJ, Smith ER, Fukuda A, Wysocka J, Allis CD, Chait BT, Hess JL, Roeder RG. Physical association and coordinate function of the H3 K4 methyltransferase MLL1 and the H4 K16 acetyltransferase MOF. Cell. 2005 Jun 17;121(6):873-85. PMID:15960975 doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.04.031
- ↑ Patel A, Dharmarajan V, Vought VE, Cosgrove MS. On the mechanism of multiple lysine methylation by the human mixed lineage leukemia protein-1 (MLL1) core complex. J Biol Chem. 2009 Sep 4;284(36):24242-56. Epub 2009 Jun 25. PMID:19556245 doi:M109.014498
- ↑ Chylack LT Jr, Fu L, Mancini R, Martin-Rehrmann MD, Saunders AJ, Konopka G, Tian D, Hedley-Whyte ET, Folkerth RD, Goldstein LE. Lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF/p75) expression in fetal and adult human brain. Exp Eye Res. 2004 Dec;79(6):941-8. PMID:15642333 doi:S0014-4835(04)00250-7
- ↑ Cermakova K, Tesina P, Demeulemeester J, El Ashkar S, Mereau H, Schwaller J, Rezacova P, Veverka V, De Rijck J. Validation and Structural Characterization of the LEDGF/p75-MLL Interface as a New Target for the Treatment of MLL-Dependent Leukemia. Cancer Res. 2014 Sep 15;74(18):5139-51. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-3602. Epub , 2014 Jul 31. PMID:25082813 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-3602
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