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Structural highlights

Disease

[ERCC1_HUMAN] Defects in ERCC1 are the cause of cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal syndrome type 4 (COFS4) [MIM:610758]. COFS is a degenerative autosomal recessive disorder of prenatal onset affecting the brain, eye and spinal cord. After birth, it leads to brain atrophy, hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, hypotonia, cataracts, microcornea, optic atrophy, progressive joint contractures and growth failure. Facial dysmorphism is a constant feature. Abnormalities of the skull, eyes, limbs, heart and kidney also occur.^[1] [XPA_HUMAN] Defects in XPA are a cause of xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XP-A) [MIM:278700]; also known as xeroderma pigmentosum type 1 (XP1). XP-A is a rare human autosomal recessive disease characterized by solar sensitivity, high predisposition for developing cancers on areas exposed to sunlight and, in some cases, neurological abnormalities. Group A patients show the most severe skin symptoms and progressive neurological disorders.^{[2] [3] [4]}

Function

[ERCC1_HUMAN] Structure-specific DNA repair endonuclease responsible for the 5'-incision during DNA repair. [XPA_HUMAN] Involved in DNA excision repair. Initiates repair by binding to damaged sites with various affinities, depending on the photoproduct and the transcriptional state of the region. Required for UV-induced CHEK1 phosphorylation and the recruitment of CEP164 to cyclobutane pyrimidine dimmers (CPD), sites of DNA damage after UV irradiation.^[5]

Evolutionary Conservation

Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.

References

1. ↑ Jaspers NG, Raams A, Silengo MC, Wijgers N, Niedernhofer LJ, Robinson AR, Giglia-Mari G, Hoogstraten D, Kleijer WJ, Hoeijmakers JH, Vermeulen W. First reported patient with human ERCC1 deficiency has cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal syndrome with a mild defect in nucleotide excision repair and severe developmental failure. Am J Hum Genet. 2007 Mar;80(3):457-66. Epub 2007 Jan 29. PMID:17273966 doi:S0002-9297(07)60094-9
2. ↑ Satokata I, Tanaka K, Okada Y. Molecular basis of group A xeroderma pigmentosum: a missense mutation and two deletions located in a zinc finger consensus sequence of the XPAC gene. Hum Genet. 1992 Mar;88(6):603-7. PMID:1339397
3. ↑ Satokata I, Tanaka K, Yuba S, Okada Y. Identification of splicing mutations of the last nucleotides of exons, a nonsense mutation, and a missense mutation of the XPAC gene as causes of group A xeroderma pigmentosum. Mutat Res. 1992 Mar;273(2):203-12. PMID:1372103
4. ↑ States JC, McDuffie ER, Myrand SP, McDowell M, Cleaver JE. Distribution of mutations in the human xeroderma pigmentosum group A gene and their relationships to the functional regions of the DNA damage recognition protein. Hum Mutat. 1998;12(2):103-13. PMID:9671271 doi:<103::AID-HUMU5>3.0.CO;2-6 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1998)12:2<103::AID-HUMU5>3.0.CO;2-6
5. ↑ Pan YR, Lee EY. UV-dependent interaction between Cep164 and XPA mediates localization of Cep164 at sites of DNA damage and UV sensitivity. Cell Cycle. 2009 Feb 15;8(4):655-64. Epub 2009 Feb 14. PMID:19197159
6. ↑ Tsodikov OV, Ivanov D, Orelli B, Staresincic L, Shoshani I, Oberman R, Scharer OD, Wagner G, Ellenberger T. Structural basis for the recruitment of ERCC1-XPF to nucleotide excision repair complexes by XPA. EMBO J. 2007 Nov 14;26(22):4768-76. Epub 2007 Oct 18. PMID:17948053