5ao2

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'''Unreleased structure'''
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==Crystal structure of human SAMHD1 (amino acid residues 115-583) R164A variant bound to dGTP==
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<StructureSection load='5ao2' size='340' side='right' caption='[[5ao2]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.97&Aring;' scene=''>
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== Structural highlights ==
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<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5ao2]] is a 4 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5AO2 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5AO2 FirstGlance]. <br>
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</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=DGT:2-DEOXYGUANOSINE-5-TRIPHOSPHATE'>DGT</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FE:FE+(III)+ION'>FE</scene></td></tr>
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<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[5ao0|5ao0]], [[5ao1|5ao1]], [[5ao3|5ao3]], [[5ao4|5ao4]]</td></tr>
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<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5ao2 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5ao2 OCA], [http://pdbe.org/5ao2 PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5ao2 RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5ao2 PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
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</table>
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== Disease ==
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[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SAMH1_HUMAN SAMH1_HUMAN]] Defects in SAMHD1 are the cause of Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome type 5 (AGS5) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/612952 612952]]. A form of Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome, a genetically heterogeneous disease characterized by cerebral atrophy, leukoencephalopathy, intracranial calcifications, chronic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytosis, increased CSF alpha-interferon, and negative serologic investigations for common prenatal infection. Clinical features as thrombocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly and elevated hepatic transaminases along with intermittent fever may erroneously suggest an infective process. Severe neurological dysfunctions manifest in infancy as progressive microcephaly, spasticity, dystonic posturing and profound psychomotor retardation. Death often occurs in early childhood.<ref>PMID:19525956</ref> <ref>PMID:20842748</ref> Defects in SAMHD1 are the cause of chilblain lupus type 2 (CHBL2) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/614415 614415]]. A rare cutaneous form of lupus erythematosus. Affected individuals present with painful bluish-red papular or nodular lesions of the skin in acral locations precipitated by cold and wet exposure at temperatures less than 10 degrees centigrade.<ref>PMID:21204240</ref>
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== Function ==
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[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SAMH1_HUMAN SAMH1_HUMAN]] Putative nuclease involved in innate immune response by acting as a negative regulator of the cell-intrinsic antiviral response. May play a role in mediating proinflammatory responses to TNF-alpha signaling.<ref>PMID:18546154</ref> <ref>PMID:19525956</ref>
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<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
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SAMHD1 restricts HIV-1 infection of myeloid-lineage and resting CD4+ T-cells. Most likely this occurs through deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase activity that reduces cellular dNTP to a level where reverse transcriptase cannot function, although alternative mechanisms have been proposed recently. Here, we present combined structural and virological data demonstrating that in addition to allosteric activation and triphosphohydrolase activity, restriction correlates with the capacity of SAMHD1 to form "long-lived" enzymatically competent tetramers. Tetramer disruption invariably abolishes restriction but has varied effects on in vitro triphosphohydrolase activity. SAMHD1 phosphorylation also ablates restriction and tetramer formation but without affecting triphosphohydrolase steady-state kinetics. However phospho-SAMHD1 is unable to catalyse dNTP turnover under conditions of nucleotide depletion. Based on our findings we propose a model for phosphorylation-dependent regulation of SAMHD1 activity where dephosphorylation switches housekeeping SAMHD1 found in cycling cells to a high-activity stable tetrameric form that depletes and maintains low levels of dNTPs in differentiated cells.
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The entry 5ao2 is ON HOLD until Paper Publication
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Phospho-dependent Regulation of SAMHD1 Oligomerisation Couples Catalysis and Restriction.,Arnold LH, Groom HC, Kunzelmann S, Schwefel D, Caswell SJ, Ordonez P, Mann MC, Rueschenbaum S, Goldstone DC, Pennell S, Howell SA, Stoye JP, Webb M, Taylor IA, Bishop KN PLoS Pathog. 2015 Oct 2;11(10):e1005194. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005194., eCollection 2015 Oct. PMID:26431200<ref>PMID:26431200</ref>
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Authors: Schwefel, D., Taylor, I.A.
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From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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</div>
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Description: Crystal structure of human SAMHD1 (amino acid residues 115-583) R164A variant bound to dGTP
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<div class="pdbe-citations 5ao2" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
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[[Category: Unreleased Structures]]
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== References ==
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[[Category: Taylor, I.A]]
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<references/>
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__TOC__
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: Schwefel, D]]
[[Category: Schwefel, D]]
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[[Category: Taylor, I A]]
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[[Category: Deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase]]
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[[Category: Hiv restriction factor]]
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[[Category: Hydrolase]]

Revision as of 03:54, 16 October 2015

Crystal structure of human SAMHD1 (amino acid residues 115-583) R164A variant bound to dGTP

5ao2, resolution 2.97Å

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