DNA polymerase

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'''Klenow fragment''' is a large Dpo fragment produced upon cleavage of Dpo by [[Subtilisin|subtilisin]].<br />
'''Klenow fragment''' is a large Dpo fragment produced upon cleavage of Dpo by [[Subtilisin|subtilisin]].<br />
In the ''E. coli'', the EcDpo III subunits β, γ, δ, δ' are named '''clamp loader'''. This complex assembles the β subunit sliding clamp unto the DNA.<br />
In the ''E. coli'', the EcDpo III subunits β, γ, δ, δ' are named '''clamp loader'''. This complex assembles the β subunit sliding clamp unto the DNA.<br />
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'''Rev1''' is a '''Dpo''' involved in replication over DNA lesions. <br />
+
 
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'''Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)''' is a family X Dpo expressed in immature lymphoid cells. TdT adds nucleotides to exons during antibody gene recombination.<br />
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Prokaryotic DNA polymerases:<br />
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* '''DNA polymerase I''': involved in excision repair. Major polymerase in E. coli.<br />
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* '''DNA polymerase II''': active in replication forks.<br />
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* '''DNA polymerase III''': involved in DNA replication.<br />
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* '''DNA polymerase IV''': involved in non-targeted mutagenesis.<br />
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* '''DNA polymerase V''': involved in translesion synthesis.<br />
 +
 
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Eukaryotic DNA polymerases:<br />
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* '''Pol α,β,γ,δ,ε,ζ,η,ι,κ'''<br />
 +
* '''Rev1''' is a '''Dpo''' involved in replication over DNA lesions. <br />
 +
* '''Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)''' is a family X Dpo expressed in immature lymphoid cells. TdT adds nucleotides to exons during antibody gene recombination.<br />
For more details see<br />
For more details see<br />
* [[DNA Polymerase I]]<br />
* [[DNA Polymerase I]]<br />

Revision as of 15:10, 31 December 2015

Template:STRUCTURE 1taq

DNA polymerase (Dpo) reads a DNA strand and catalyzes the synthesis of its complementary strand. Dpo's are divided into 7 families according to their sequence homology and 3D structure similarities.[1] The families are:

  • Family A - replicative or repair Dpo.
  • Family B - replicative Dpo involved in processing DNA replication during cell division (includes eukaryotic Dpo α,δ,ε).
  • Family C - major replicative Dpo in bacteria (includes Dpo II, III, IV).
  • Family D - replicative. Present in archaea.
  • Family X - eukaryotic repair Dpo (includes Dpo β,λ,σ,μ and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase).
  • Family Y - replicative of damaged DNA (includes eukaryotic η,ι,κ).
  • Family RT - reverse transcriptase. See Reverse transcriptase.

Some Dpo terminology:
Dpo sliding clamp is made of the complex of Dpo and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) which encircles it.
The BRCT domain in Dpo is the C-terminal domain of breast cancer susceptibility protein.
Klenow fragment is a large Dpo fragment produced upon cleavage of Dpo by subtilisin.
In the E. coli, the EcDpo III subunits β, γ, δ, δ' are named clamp loader. This complex assembles the β subunit sliding clamp unto the DNA.

Prokaryotic DNA polymerases:

  • DNA polymerase I: involved in excision repair. Major polymerase in E. coli.
  • DNA polymerase II: active in replication forks.
  • DNA polymerase III: involved in DNA replication.
  • DNA polymerase IV: involved in non-targeted mutagenesis.
  • DNA polymerase V: involved in translesion synthesis.

Eukaryotic DNA polymerases:

  • Pol α,β,γ,δ,ε,ζ,η,ι,κ
  • Rev1 is a Dpo involved in replication over DNA lesions.
  • Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is a family X Dpo expressed in immature lymphoid cells. TdT adds nucleotides to exons during antibody gene recombination.

For more details see

3D Structures of DNA polymerase

Updated on 31-December-2015

References

  1. ↑ Steitz TA. DNA polymerases: structural diversity and common mechanisms. J Biol Chem. 1999 Jun 18;274(25):17395-8. PMID:10364165
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