5dk8
From Proteopedia
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== Function == | == Function == | ||
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/UBB_HUMAN UBB_HUMAN]] Ubiquitin exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, DNA-damage responses as well as in signaling processes leading to activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling.<ref>PMID:16543144</ref> <ref>PMID:19754430</ref> | [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/UBB_HUMAN UBB_HUMAN]] Ubiquitin exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, DNA-damage responses as well as in signaling processes leading to activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling.<ref>PMID:16543144</ref> <ref>PMID:19754430</ref> | ||
| + | <div style="background-color:#fffaf0;"> | ||
| + | == Publication Abstract from PubMed == | ||
| + | Ubiquitin is a small globular protein that has a considerable number of lysine residues on its surface. This results in a high surface entropy that precludes the formation of crystal-packing interactions. To date, only a few structures of the native form of ubiquitin have been solved, and most of the crystals that led to these structures were obtained in the presence of different divalent metal cations. In this work, a new crystallographic structure of human ubiquitin solved from crystals grown in the presence of magnesium is presented. The crystals belonged to a triclinic space group, with unit-cell parameters a = 29.96, b = 30.18, c = 41.41 A, alpha = 88.52, beta = 79.12, gamma = 67.37 degrees . The crystal lattice is composed of stacked layers of human ubiquitin molecules with a large hydrophobic interface and a smaller polar interface in which the magnesium ion lies at the junction between adjacent layers in the crystal. The metal ion appears in a hexa-aquo coordination, which is key to facilitating the crystallization of the protein. | ||
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| + | New crystal form of human ubiquitin in the presence of magnesium.,Camara-Artigas A, Plaza-Garrido M, Martinez-Rodriguez S, Bacarizo J Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun. 2016 Jan 1;72(Pt 1):29-35. doi:, 10.1107/S2053230X15023390. Epub 2016 Jan 1. PMID:26750481<ref>PMID:26750481</ref> | ||
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| + | From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br> | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | <div class="pdbe-citations 5dk8" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
Revision as of 08:48, 20 January 2016
Human ubiquitin in the P1 space group
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