Dicer
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| - | Dicer is a type of [[Ribonuclease]] that processes potentially harmful double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into microRNA and small-interfering RNA (siRNA) to be used in the process of RNA interference. Dicer is commonly utilized by cells in order to prevent the assimilation of viral DNA into the cells’ genome. The viral DNA is butchered into smaller segments that are each about 21 nucleotides long; the cut take places at the 5’ phosphate and the 3’ hydroxyl, and usually includes a 2 nucleotide overhang. There is a single processing center in HS Dicer implying that there are two catalytic sites which help form products with the 2 3' overhang. These newly formed segments attach themselves to single stranded mRNA which ultimately leads to mRNA degradation by the cell and translational suppression. The dicer enzyme in humans contains three domains: the <scene name='70/706244/Rnase_iii_1/1'>RNase III 1</scene>, <scene name='70/706244/Rnase_iii_2/1'>RNase III 2</scene>, and the <scene name='70/706244/Paz_domain/1'>Paz Domain</scene>.<ref>PMID: 16410517</ref> There are three classes of RNase III proteins which are divided into categories called Escherichia coli RNase III, Drosha, and Dicer which are given the numbers one, two, and three respectively. The Escherichia coli RNase III class has one domain while the Drosha and dicer have two domains each. There is no evidence of the first class of enzymes in mammals. | + | Dicer is a type of [[Ribonuclease]] that processes potentially harmful double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into microRNA and small-interfering RNA (siRNA) to be used in the process of RNA interference. Dicer is commonly utilized by cells in order to prevent the assimilation of viral DNA into the cells’ genome. The viral DNA is butchered into smaller segments that are each about 21 nucleotides long; the cut take places at the 5’ phosphate and the 3’ hydroxyl, and usually includes a 2 nucleotide overhang. There is a single processing center in HS Dicer implying that there are two catalytic sites which help form products with the 2 3' overhang. These newly formed segments attach themselves to single stranded mRNA which ultimately leads to mRNA degradation by the cell and translational suppression. The dicer enzyme in humans contains three domains: the <scene name='70/706244/Rnase_iii_1/1'>RNase III 1</scene>, <scene name='70/706244/Rnase_iii_2/1'>RNase III 2</scene>, and the <scene name='70/706244/Paz_domain/1'>Paz Domain</scene>.<ref>PMID: 16410517</ref> There are three classes of RNase III proteins which are divided into categories called Escherichia coli RNase III,<scene name='70/706244/Drosha/1'>Drosha</scene> , and Dicer which are given the numbers one, two, and three respectively. The Escherichia coli RNase III class has one domain while the Drosha and dicer have two domains each. There is no evidence of the first class of enzymes in mammals. |
Revision as of 15:22, 23 May 2016
Dicer
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References
- ↑ Macrae IJ, Zhou K, Li F, Repic A, Brooks AN, Cande WZ, Adams PD, Doudna JA. Structural basis for double-stranded RNA processing by Dicer. Science. 2006 Jan 13;311(5758):195-8. PMID:16410517 doi:311/5758/195
- ↑ Takeshita D, Zenno S, Lee WC, Nagata K, Saigo K, Tanokura M. Homodimeric structure and double-stranded RNA cleavage activity of the C-terminal RNase III domain of human dicer. J Mol Biol. 2007 Nov 16;374(1):106-20. Epub 2007 Sep 8. PMID:17920623 doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2007.08.069
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