Phospholipase A2

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<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' scene=Phospholipase_A2/Cv/1 caption='Phospholipase A2 complex with ethanol, phosphate and Ca+2 ion (green) (PDB code [[1yxh]])'>
<StructureSection load='' size='350' side='right' scene=Phospholipase_A2/Cv/1 caption='Phospholipase A2 complex with ethanol, phosphate and Ca+2 ion (green) (PDB code [[1yxh]])'>
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== Function ==
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[[Phospholipase A2]] (PLA2) is an enzyme which releases fatty acids from glycerol. It is found in mammals and in snake venoms. PLA2 releases arachidonic acid from membranes causing inflammation and pain. PLA2 from the snake ''Bothrops jararacussu'' is called '''bothropstoxin (BTX)''' and from ''Bothrops pirajai'' – '''piratoxin (PTX)'''. The '''viperotoxin (VTX)''' is a heterodimer of very homologous PLA2 called '''RV-4/RV-7'''. The intracellular PLA2 – '''cystolic PLA2 (cPLA2)''' – are larger than the secreted PLA2 and contains the targeting C2 domain. The '''pro-phosphlipase (PPLA2)''' is a pancreatic PLA2 whose 7-mer N-terminal peptide is being cleaved off to produce the active PLA2. The PLA2 contains many isozymes which are ordered by groups and named accordingly, ie., group I is PLA2G1.<br />
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[[Phospholipase A2]] (PLA2) is an enzyme which releases fatty acids from glycerol. It is found in mammals and in snake venoms<ref>PMID:8175726</ref>. PLA2 releases arachidonic acid from membranes causing inflammation and pain. The PLA2 contains many isozymes which are ordered by groups and named accordingly, ie., group I is PLA2G1.<br />
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*'''PLA2 group II''' is induced in inflammation and present in atherosclerotic lesions<ref>PMID:10323782</ref>. <br />
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*'''PLA2 group V''' is active in leukocytes recruitment<ref>PMID:20232296</ref>. <br />
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*'''PLA2 group X''' regulates cysteinyl leukotriene synthesis<ref>PMID:26139511</ref>. <br />
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*'''PLA2 group XV''' is located in the endocytic system and may be involved in CD1d function<ref>PMID:23943550</ref>. <br />
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*'''Bothropstoxin (BTX)''' is PLA2 from the snake ''Bothrops jararacussu''.<br />
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*'''Piratoxin (PTX)''' is PLA2 from the snake ''Bothrops piraña''.<br />
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*'''Viperotoxin (VTX)''' is a heterodimer of a very homologous PLA2 called '''RV-4/RV-7'''.<br />
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*'''Cystolic PLA2 (cPLA2)''' is intracellular. It is larger than the secreted PLA2 and contains the targeting C2 domain. <br />
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*'''Pro-phosphlipase (PPLA2)''' is a pancreatic PLA2 whose 7-mer N-terminal peptide is cleaved off to produce the active PLA2.<br />
*For details on Lys49 snake-venom PLA2 see [[Anum-II]].<br />
*For details on Lys49 snake-venom PLA2 see [[Anum-II]].<br />
*For PLA2 complex see [[Diclofenac binding to Phospholipase A2]].<br />
*For PLA2 complex see [[Diclofenac binding to Phospholipase A2]].<br />
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**[[4bp2]] – bPPLA2
**[[4bp2]] – bPPLA2
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== References ==
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<references/>

Revision as of 09:48, 28 June 2016

Phospholipase A2 complex with ethanol, phosphate and Ca+2 ion (green) (PDB code 1yxh)

Drag the structure with the mouse to rotate

3D Structures of Phospholipase A2

Updated on 28-June-2016

References

  1. ↑ Dennis EA. Diversity of group types, regulation, and function of phospholipase A2. J Biol Chem. 1994 May 6;269(18):13057-60. PMID:8175726
  2. ↑ Leitinger N, Watson AD, Hama SY, Ivandic B, Qiao JH, Huber J, Faull KF, Grass DS, Navab M, Fogelman AM, de Beer FC, Lusis AJ, Berliner JA. Role of group II secretory phospholipase A2 in atherosclerosis: 2. Potential involvement of biologically active oxidized phospholipids. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1999 May;19(5):1291-8. PMID:10323782
  3. ↑ Lapointe S, Brkovic A, Cloutier I, Tanguay JF, Arm JP, Sirois MG. Group V secreted phospholipase A2 contributes to LPS-induced leukocyte recruitment. J Cell Physiol. 2010 Jul;224(1):127-34. doi: 10.1002/jcp.22106. PMID:20232296 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.22106
  4. ↑ Hallstrand TS, Lai Y, Hooper KA, Oslund RC, Altemeier WA, Matute-Bello G, Gelb MH. Endogenous secreted phospholipase A2 group X regulates cysteinyl leukotrienes synthesis by human eosinophils. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016 Jan;137(1):268-77.e8. doi:, 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.05.026. Epub 2015 Jun 30. PMID:26139511 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.05.026
  5. ↑ Platt RW, Brookhart MA, Cole SR, Westreich D, Schisterman EF. Reply to taguri and matsuyama. Stat Med. 2013 Sep 10;32(20):3592-3. doi: 10.1002/sim.5805. PMID:23943550 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.5805
  6. ↑ Crystal structure of porcine pancreatic phospholipase a2 in complex with 2-methoxycyclohexa-2-5-diene-1,4-dione. Dileep KV, Tintu I, Mandal PK, Karthe P, Haridas M, Sadasivan C. Frontiers In Life Sci. (2012) doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2012.689262

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