| Structural highlights
Function
[AK1BA_HUMAN] Acts as all-trans-retinaldehyde reductase. Can efficiently reduce aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes, and is less active on hexoses (in vitro). May be responsible for detoxification of reactive aldehydes in the digested food before the nutrients are passed on to other organs.[1]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Human enzyme aldo-keto reductase family member 1B10 (AKR1B10) has evolved as a tumor marker and promising antineoplastic target. It shares high structural similarity with the diabetes target enzyme aldose reductase (AR). Starting from the potent AR inhibitor IDD388, we have synthesized a series of derivatives bearing the same halophenoxyacetic acid moiety with increasing number of bromine (Br) atoms on its aryl moiety. Next, by means of IC50 measurements, X-ray crystallography, WaterMap analysis and advanced binding free energy calculations with a quantum-mechanical (QM) approach, we have studied their Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) against both enzymes. The introduction of Br substituents decreases AR inhibition potency but improves it in the case of AKR1B10. Indeed, the Br atoms in ortho position may impede these drugs to fit into the AR prototypical specificity pocket. For AKR1B10, the smaller aryl moieties of MK181 and IDD388 can bind into the external loop A subpocket. Instead, the bulkier MK184, MK319 and MK204 open an inner specificity pocket in AKR1B10 characterized by a pi-pi stacking interaction of their aryl moieties and Trp112 side chain in the native conformation (not possible in AR). Among the three compounds, only MK204 can make a strong halogen bond with the protein (-4.4 kcal/mol, using QM calculations), while presenting the lowest desolvation cost among all the series, translated into the most selective and inhibitory potency AKR1B10 (IC50 = 80 nM). Overall, SAR of these IDD388 polyhalogenated derivatives have unveiled several distinctive AKR1B10 features (shape, flexibility, hydration), that can be exploited to design novel types of AKR1B10 selective drugs.
IDD388 polyhalogenated derivatives as probes for an improved structure-based selectivity of AKR1B10 inhibitors.,Cousido-Siah A, Ruiz FX, Fanfrlik J, Gimenez-Dejoz J, Mitschler A, Kamlar M, Vesely J, Ajani H, Pares X, Farres J, Hobza P, Podjarny AD ACS Chem Biol. 2016 Jun 30. PMID:27359042[2]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Gallego O, Ruiz FX, Ardevol A, Dominguez M, Alvarez R, de Lera AR, Rovira C, Farres J, Fita I, Pares X. Structural basis for the high all-trans-retinaldehyde reductase activity of the tumor marker AKR1B10. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Dec 26;104(52):20764-9. Epub 2007 Dec 17. PMID:18087047
- ↑ Cousido-Siah A, Ruiz FX, Fanfrlik J, Gimenez-Dejoz J, Mitschler A, Kamlar M, Vesely J, Ajani H, Pares X, Farres J, Hobza P, Podjarny AD. IDD388 polyhalogenated derivatives as probes for an improved structure-based selectivity of AKR1B10 inhibitors. ACS Chem Biol. 2016 Jun 30. PMID:27359042 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acschembio.6b00382
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