| Structural highlights
Function
[PRGR_HUMAN] The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Progesterone receptor isoform B (PRB) is involved activation of c-SRC/MAPK signaling on hormone stimulation.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] Isoform A is inactive in stimulating c-Src/MAPK signaling on hormone stimulation.[8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [NCOR2_HUMAN] Transcriptional corepressor of NR4A2/NURR1 and acts through histone deacetylases (HDACs) to keep promoters of NR4A2/NURR1 target genes in a repressed deacetylated state (By similarity). Mediates the transcriptional repression activity of some nuclear receptors by promoting chromatin condensation, thus preventing access of the basal transcription. Isoform 1 and isoform 5 have different affinities for different nuclear receptors.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The human progesterone receptor (PR) plays a key role in reproductive function in women. PR antagonists have numerous applications in female health care including regular and emergency contraception, and treatment of hormone-related pathological conditions such as breast cancer, endometriosis, and leiomyoma. The main factor limiting their long-term administration is the fact that they cross-bind to other oxo-steroid receptors. Ulipristal acetate (UPA), a highly potent PR antagonist, has recently come onto the market and is much more selective for PR than the other oxo-steroid receptors (androgen, AR, glucocorticoid, GR, and mineralocorticoid, MR receptors) and, remarkably, it displays lower GR-inactivating potency than RU486. We adopted a structural approach to characterizing the binding of UPA to the oxo-steroid receptors at the molecular level. We solved the X-ray crystal structure of the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of the human PR complexed with UPA and a peptide from the transcriptional corepressor SMRT. We used the X-ray crystal structure of the GR in its antagonist conformation to dock UPA within its ligand-binding cavity. Finally, we generated three-dimensional models of the LBD of androgen and mineralocorticoid receptors (AR and MR) in an antagonist conformation and docked UPA within them. Comparing the structures revealed that the network of stabilizing contacts between the UPA C11 aryl group and the LBD is responsible for its high PR antagonist potency. It also showed that it is the inability of UPA to contact Gln642 in GR that explains why it has lower potency in inactivating GR than RU486. Finally, we found that the binding pockets of AR and MR are too small to accommodate UPA, and allowed us to propose that the extremely low sensitivity of MR to UPA is due to inappropriate interactions with the C11 substituent. All these findings open new avenues for designing new PR antagonist compounds displaying greater selectivity.
Molecular determinants of the recognition of ulipristal acetate by oxo-steroid receptors.,Petit-Topin I, Fay M, Resche-Rigon M, Ulmann A, Gainer E, Rafestin-Oblin ME, Fagart J J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2014 Sep 6;144PB:427-435. doi:, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.08.008. PMID:25204619[15]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Pierson-Mullany LK, Lange CA. Phosphorylation of progesterone receptor serine 400 mediates ligand-independent transcriptional activity in response to activation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase 2. Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Dec;24(24):10542-57. PMID:15572662 doi:10.1128/MCB.24.24.10542-10557.2004
- ↑ Narayanan R, Edwards DP, Weigel NL. Human progesterone receptor displays cell cycle-dependent changes in transcriptional activity. Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Apr;25(8):2885-98. PMID:15798179 doi:25/8/2885
- ↑ Man JH, Li HY, Zhang PJ, Zhou T, He K, Pan X, Liang B, Li AL, Zhao J, Gong WL, Jin BF, Xia Q, Yu M, Shen BF, Zhang XM. PIAS3 induction of PRB sumoylation represses PRB transactivation by destabilizing its retention in the nucleus. Nucleic Acids Res. 2006;34(19):5552-66. Epub 2006 Oct 4. PMID:17020914 doi:gkl691
- ↑ Zhang PJ, Zhao J, Li HY, Man JH, He K, Zhou T, Pan X, Li AL, Gong WL, Jin BF, Xia Q, Yu M, Shen BF, Zhang XM. CUE domain containing 2 regulates degradation of progesterone receptor by ubiquitin-proteasome. EMBO J. 2007 Apr 4;26(7):1831-42. Epub 2007 Mar 8. PMID:17347654 doi:7601602
- ↑ Daniel AR, Faivre EJ, Lange CA. Phosphorylation-dependent antagonism of sumoylation derepresses progesterone receptor action in breast cancer cells. Mol Endocrinol. 2007 Dec;21(12):2890-906. Epub 2007 Aug 23. PMID:17717077 doi:me.2007-0248
- ↑ Daniel AR, Qiu M, Faivre EJ, Ostrander JH, Skildum A, Lange CA. Linkage of progestin and epidermal growth factor signaling: phosphorylation of progesterone receptors mediates transcriptional hypersensitivity and increased ligand-independent breast cancer cell growth. Steroids. 2007 Feb;72(2):188-201. Epub 2006 Dec 14. PMID:17173941 doi:S0039-128X(06)00225-X
- ↑ Faivre EJ, Daniel AR, Hillard CJ, Lange CA. Progesterone receptor rapid signaling mediates serine 345 phosphorylation and tethering to specificity protein 1 transcription factors. Mol Endocrinol. 2008 Apr;22(4):823-37. Epub 2008 Jan 17. PMID:18202149 doi:me.2007-0437
- ↑ Pierson-Mullany LK, Lange CA. Phosphorylation of progesterone receptor serine 400 mediates ligand-independent transcriptional activity in response to activation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase 2. Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Dec;24(24):10542-57. PMID:15572662 doi:10.1128/MCB.24.24.10542-10557.2004
- ↑ Narayanan R, Edwards DP, Weigel NL. Human progesterone receptor displays cell cycle-dependent changes in transcriptional activity. Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Apr;25(8):2885-98. PMID:15798179 doi:25/8/2885
- ↑ Man JH, Li HY, Zhang PJ, Zhou T, He K, Pan X, Liang B, Li AL, Zhao J, Gong WL, Jin BF, Xia Q, Yu M, Shen BF, Zhang XM. PIAS3 induction of PRB sumoylation represses PRB transactivation by destabilizing its retention in the nucleus. Nucleic Acids Res. 2006;34(19):5552-66. Epub 2006 Oct 4. PMID:17020914 doi:gkl691
- ↑ Zhang PJ, Zhao J, Li HY, Man JH, He K, Zhou T, Pan X, Li AL, Gong WL, Jin BF, Xia Q, Yu M, Shen BF, Zhang XM. CUE domain containing 2 regulates degradation of progesterone receptor by ubiquitin-proteasome. EMBO J. 2007 Apr 4;26(7):1831-42. Epub 2007 Mar 8. PMID:17347654 doi:7601602
- ↑ Daniel AR, Faivre EJ, Lange CA. Phosphorylation-dependent antagonism of sumoylation derepresses progesterone receptor action in breast cancer cells. Mol Endocrinol. 2007 Dec;21(12):2890-906. Epub 2007 Aug 23. PMID:17717077 doi:me.2007-0248
- ↑ Daniel AR, Qiu M, Faivre EJ, Ostrander JH, Skildum A, Lange CA. Linkage of progestin and epidermal growth factor signaling: phosphorylation of progesterone receptors mediates transcriptional hypersensitivity and increased ligand-independent breast cancer cell growth. Steroids. 2007 Feb;72(2):188-201. Epub 2006 Dec 14. PMID:17173941 doi:S0039-128X(06)00225-X
- ↑ Faivre EJ, Daniel AR, Hillard CJ, Lange CA. Progesterone receptor rapid signaling mediates serine 345 phosphorylation and tethering to specificity protein 1 transcription factors. Mol Endocrinol. 2008 Apr;22(4):823-37. Epub 2008 Jan 17. PMID:18202149 doi:me.2007-0437
- ↑ Petit-Topin I, Fay M, Resche-Rigon M, Ulmann A, Gainer E, Rafestin-Oblin ME, Fagart J. Molecular determinants of the recognition of ulipristal acetate by oxo-steroid receptors. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2014 Sep 6;144PB:427-435. doi:, 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.08.008. PMID:25204619 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.08.008
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