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Thioredoxin

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* '''Trx-1''' is a mammalian cellular protein.<br />
* '''Trx-1''' is a mammalian cellular protein.<br />
* '''Trx-2''' is mitochondria-specific.<br />
* '''Trx-2''' is mitochondria-specific.<br />
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In higher plants, Trx are divided to 6 groups based on their sequence. Trx M, X and Y are found in prokaryotes while F, H and O are found in eukaryotes.
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* '''Trx C,M,X,Y''' are found in prokaryotes.<br />
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* '''Trx F,H,O''' are found in eukaryotes.<br />
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== Relevance ==
== Relevance ==

Revision as of 09:07, 13 September 2016

Image:1ert.png
Crystal Structure of Thioredoxin 1ert

Template:STRUCTURE 3kd0










Contents

Function

Thioredoxin (Trx) is an enzyme which facilitates, in its reduced form, the reduction of proteins by cysteine thiol-disulfide exchange[1]. They contain a CXXC motif.

  • Trx-1 is a mammalian cellular protein.
  • Trx-2 is mitochondria-specific.
  • Trx C,M,X,Y are found in prokaryotes.
  • Trx F,H,O are found in eukaryotes.


Relevance

Serum Trx level is a predictor of steatohepatitis[2].

Disease

Trx is involved in a wide range of human diseases and conditions including cancer, viral diseases, aging, cardiac conditions and more[3].

Structural highlights

3D Structures of Thioredoxin

Updated on 13-September-2016

References

  1. ↑ Gleason FK, Holmgren A. Thioredoxin and related proteins in procaryotes. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 1988 Dec;4(4):271-97. PMID:3152490
  2. ↑ Sumida Y, Nakashima T, Yoh T, Furutani M, Hirohama A, Kakisaka Y, Nakajima Y, Ishikawa H, Mitsuyoshi H, Okanoue T, Kashima K, Nakamura H, Yodoi J. Serum thioredoxin levels as a predictor of steatohepatitis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2003 Jan;38(1):32-8. PMID:12480557
  3. ↑ Burke-Gaffney A, Callister ME, Nakamura H. Thioredoxin: friend or foe in human disease? Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2005 Aug;26(8):398-404. PMID:15990177 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2005.06.005

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Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky, Joel L. Sussman

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