| Structural highlights
Function
[SIR6_HUMAN] NAD-dependent protein deacetylase. Has deacetylase activity towards histone H3K9Ac and H3K56Ac. Modulates acetylation of histone H3 in telomeric chromatin during the S-phase of the cell cycle. Deacetylates histone H3K9Ac at NF-kappa-B target promoters and may down-regulate the expression of a subset of NF-kappa-B target genes. Acts as a corepressor of the transcription factor HIF1A to control the expression of multiple glycolytic genes to regulate glucose homeostasis. Required for genomic stability. Regulates the production of TNF protein. Has a role in the regulation of life span (By similarity). Deacetylation of nucleosomes interferes with RELA binding to target DNA. May be required for the association of WRN with telomeres during S-phase and for normal telomere maintenance. Required for genomic stability. Required for normal IGF1 serum levels and normal glucose homeostasis. Modulates cellular senescence and apoptosis. On DNA damage, promotes DNA end resection via deacetylation of RBBP8. Has very weak deacetylase activity and can bind NAD(+) in the absence of acetylated substrate.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
SIRT6 is a member of the evolutionarily conserved sirtuin family of NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylases and functions in genomic stability and transcriptional control of glucose metabolism. Early reports suggested that SIRT6 performs ADP-ribosylation, whereas more recent studies have suggested that SIRT6 functions mainly as a histone deacetylase. Thus, the molecular functions of SIRT6 remain uncertain. Here, we perform biochemical, kinetic, and structural studies to provide new mechanistic insight into the functions of SIRT6. Utilizing three different assays, we provide biochemical and kinetic evidence that SIRT6-dependent histone deacetylation produces O-acetyl-ADP-ribose but at a rate approximately 1,000 times slower than other highly active sirtuins. To understand the molecular basis for such low deacetylase activity, we solved the first crystal structures of this class IV sirtuin in complex with ADP-ribose and the non-hydrolyzable analog of O-acetyl-ADP-ribose, 2'-N-acetyl-ADP-ribose. The structures revealed unique features of human SIRT6, including a splayed zinc-binding domain and the absence of a helix bundle that in other sirtuin structures connects the zinc-binding motif and Rossmann fold domain. SIRT6 also lacks the conserved, highly flexible, NAD(+)-binding loop and instead contains a stable single helix. These differences led us to hypothesize that SIRT6, unlike all other studied sirtuins, would be able to bind NAD(+) in the absence of an acetylated substrate. Indeed, we found that SIRT6 binds NAD(+) with relatively high affinity (K(d) = 27 +/- 1 muM) in the absence of an acetylated substrate. Isothermal titration calorimetry and tryptophan fluorescence binding assays suggested that ADP-ribose and NAD(+) induce different structural perturbations and that NADH does not bind to SIRT6. Collectively, these new insights imply a unique activating mechanism and/or the possibility that SIRT6 could act as an NAD(+) metabolite sensor.
Structure and biochemical functions of SIRT6.,Pan PW, Feldman JL, Devries MK, Dong A, Edwards AM, Denu JM J Biol Chem. 2011 Apr 22;286(16):14575-87. Epub 2011 Mar 1. PMID:21362626[6]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Michishita E, McCord RA, Berber E, Kioi M, Padilla-Nash H, Damian M, Cheung P, Kusumoto R, Kawahara TL, Barrett JC, Chang HY, Bohr VA, Ried T, Gozani O, Chua KF. SIRT6 is a histone H3 lysine 9 deacetylase that modulates telomeric chromatin. Nature. 2008 Mar 27;452(7186):492-6. doi: 10.1038/nature06736. Epub 2008 Mar 12. PMID:18337721 doi:10.1038/nature06736
- ↑ Kawahara TL, Michishita E, Adler AS, Damian M, Berber E, Lin M, McCord RA, Ongaigui KC, Boxer LD, Chang HY, Chua KF. SIRT6 links histone H3 lysine 9 deacetylation to NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression and organismal life span. Cell. 2009 Jan 9;136(1):62-74. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2008.10.052. PMID:19135889 doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.10.052
- ↑ Michishita E, McCord RA, Boxer LD, Barber MF, Hong T, Gozani O, Chua KF. Cell cycle-dependent deacetylation of telomeric histone H3 lysine K56 by human SIRT6. Cell Cycle. 2009 Aug 15;8(16):2664-6. Epub 2009 Aug 26. PMID:19625767
- ↑ Kaidi A, Weinert BT, Choudhary C, Jackson SP. Human SIRT6 promotes DNA end resection through CtIP deacetylation. Science. 2010 Sep 10;329(5997):1348-53. doi: 10.1126/science.1192049. PMID:20829486 doi:10.1126/science.1192049
- ↑ Pan PW, Feldman JL, Devries MK, Dong A, Edwards AM, Denu JM. Structure and biochemical functions of SIRT6. J Biol Chem. 2011 Apr 22;286(16):14575-87. Epub 2011 Mar 1. PMID:21362626 doi:10.1074/jbc.M111.218990
- ↑ Pan PW, Feldman JL, Devries MK, Dong A, Edwards AM, Denu JM. Structure and biochemical functions of SIRT6. J Biol Chem. 2011 Apr 22;286(16):14575-87. Epub 2011 Mar 1. PMID:21362626 doi:10.1074/jbc.M111.218990
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