| Structural highlights
Function
[Q2N0S6_9HIV1] The envelope glyprotein gp160 precursor down-modulates cell surface CD4 antigen by interacting with it in the endoplasmic reticulum and blocking its transport to the cell surface (By similarity).[RuleBase:RU004292][SAAS:SAAS000328_004_020447] The gp120-gp41 heterodimer allows rapid transcytosis of the virus through CD4 negative cells such as simple epithelial monolayers of the intestinal, rectal and endocervical epithelial barriers. Both gp120 and gp41 specifically recognize glycosphingolipids galactosyl-ceramide (GalCer) or 3' sulfo-galactosyl-ceramide (GalS) present in the lipid rafts structures of epithelial cells. Binding to these alternative receptors allows the rapid transcytosis of the virus through the epithelial cells. This transcytotic vesicle-mediated transport of virions from the apical side to the basolateral side of the epithelial cells does not involve infection of the cells themselves (By similarity).[SAAS:SAAS000328_004_240990]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
An optimal HIV vaccine should induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that neutralize diverse viral strains and subtypes. However, potent bnAbs develop in only a small fraction of HIV-infected individuals, all contain rare features such as extensive mutation, insertions, deletions, and/or long complementarity-determining regions, and some are polyreactive, casting doubt on whether bnAbs to HIV can be reliably induced by vaccination. We engineered two potent VRC01-class bnAbs that minimized rare features. According to a quantitative features frequency analysis, the set of features for one of these minimally mutated bnAbs compared favorably with all 68 HIV bnAbs analyzed and was similar to antibodies elicited by common vaccines. This same minimally mutated bnAb lacked polyreactivity in four different assays. We then divided the minimal mutations into spatial clusters and dissected the epitope components interacting with those clusters, by mutational and crystallographic analyses coupled with neutralization assays. Finally, by synthesizing available data, we developed a working-concept boosting strategy to select the mutation clusters in a logical order following a germline-targeting prime. We have thus developed potent HIV bnAbs that may be more tractable vaccine goals compared to existing bnAbs, and we have proposed a strategy to elicit them. This reductionist approach to vaccine design, guided by antibody and antigen structure, could be applied to design candidate vaccines for other HIV bnAbs or protective Abs against other pathogens.
Minimally Mutated HIV-1 Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies to Guide Reductionist Vaccine Design.,Jardine JG, Sok D, Julien JP, Briney B, Sarkar A, Liang CH, Scherer EA, Henry Dunand CJ, Adachi Y, Diwanji D, Hsueh J, Jones M, Kalyuzhniy O, Kubitz M, Spencer S, Pauthner M, Saye-Francisco KL, Sesterhenn F, Wilson PC, Galloway DM, Stanfield RL, Wilson IA, Burton DR, Schief WR PLoS Pathog. 2016 Aug 25;12(8):e1005815. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005815., eCollection 2016 Aug. PMID:27560183[1]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Jardine JG, Sok D, Julien JP, Briney B, Sarkar A, Liang CH, Scherer EA, Henry Dunand CJ, Adachi Y, Diwanji D, Hsueh J, Jones M, Kalyuzhniy O, Kubitz M, Spencer S, Pauthner M, Saye-Francisco KL, Sesterhenn F, Wilson PC, Galloway DM, Stanfield RL, Wilson IA, Burton DR, Schief WR. Minimally Mutated HIV-1 Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies to Guide Reductionist Vaccine Design. PLoS Pathog. 2016 Aug 25;12(8):e1005815. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005815., eCollection 2016 Aug. PMID:27560183 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005815
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