| Structural highlights
Disease
[CADH1_HUMAN] Defects in CDH1 are the cause of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) [MIM:137215]. An autosomal dominant cancer predisposition syndrome with increased susceptibility to diffuse gastric cancer. Diffuse gastric cancer is a malignant disease characterized by poorly differentiated infiltrating lesions resulting in thickening of the stomach. Malignant tumors start in the stomach, can spread to the esophagus or the small intestine, and can extend through the stomach wall to nearby lymph nodes and organs. It also can metastasize to other parts of the body. Note=Heterozygous germline mutations CDH1 are responsible for familial cases of diffuse gastric cancer. Somatic mutations in the has also been found in patients with sporadic diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer.[1] [2] Defects in CDH1 are a cause of susceptibility to endometrial cancer (ENDMC) [MIM:608089]. Defects in CDH1 are a cause of susceptibility to ovarian cancer (OC) [MIM:167000]. Ovarian cancer common malignancy originating from ovarian tissue. Although many histologic types of ovarian neoplasms have been described, epithelial ovarian carcinoma is the most common form. Ovarian cancers are often asymptomatic and the recognized signs and symptoms, even of late-stage disease, are vague. Consequently, most patients are diagnosed with advanced disease.
Function
[CADH1_HUMAN] Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. CDH1 is involved in mechanisms regulating cell-cell adhesions, mobility and proliferation of epithelial cells. Has a potent invasive suppressor role. It is a ligand for integrin alpha-E/beta-7.[3] E-Cad/CTF2 promotes non-amyloidogenic degradation of Abeta precursors. Has a strong inhibitory effect on APP C99 and C83 production.[4]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Cell adhesion mediated by type I cadherins involves homophilic "trans" interactions that are thought to be brought about by a strand exchange mechanism involving the N-terminal extracellular domain. Here, we present the high-resolution crystal structure of the N-terminal two domains of human E-cadherin. Comparison of this structure with other type I cadherin structures reveals features that are likely to be critical to facilitate dimerization by strand exchange as well as dimer flexibility. We integrate this structural knowledge to provide a model for type I cadherin adhesive interactions. Intra-molecular docking of the conserved N-terminal "adhesion arm" into the acceptor pocket in monomeric E-cadherin appears largely identical to inter-molecular docking of the adhesion arm in adhesive trans dimers. A strained conformation of the adhesion arm in the monomer, however, may create an equilibrium between "open" and "closed" forms that primes the cadherin for formation of adhesive interactions, which are then stabilized by additional dimer-specific contacts. By contrast, in type II cadherins, strain in the adhesion arm appears absent and a much larger surface area is involved in trans adhesion, which may compensate the activation energy required to peel off the intra-molecularly docked arm. It seems that evolution has selected slightly different adhesion mechanisms for type I and type II cadherins.
The crystal structure of human E-cadherin domains 1 and 2, and comparison with other cadherins in the context of adhesion mechanism.,Parisini E, Higgins JM, Liu JH, Brenner MB, Wang JH J Mol Biol. 2007 Oct 19;373(2):401-11. Epub 2007 Aug 21. PMID:17850815[5]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Yoon KA, Ku JL, Yang HK, Kim WH, Park SY, Park JG. Germline mutations of E-cadherin gene in Korean familial gastric cancer patients. J Hum Genet. 1999;44(3):177-80. PMID:10319582 doi:10.1007/s100380050137
- ↑ Yabuta T, Shinmura K, Tani M, Yamaguchi S, Yoshimura K, Katai H, Nakajima T, Mochiki E, Tsujinaka T, Takami M, Hirose K, Yamaguchi A, Takenoshita S, Yokota J. E-cadherin gene variants in gastric cancer families whose probands are diagnosed with diffuse gastric cancer. Int J Cancer. 2002 Oct 10;101(5):434-41. PMID:12216071 doi:10.1002/ijc.10633
- ↑ Agiostratidou G, Muros RM, Shioi J, Marambaud P, Robakis NK. The cytoplasmic sequence of E-cadherin promotes non-amyloidogenic degradation of A beta precursors. J Neurochem. 2006 Feb;96(4):1182-8. Epub 2006 Jan 26. PMID:16417575 doi:JNC3616
- ↑ Agiostratidou G, Muros RM, Shioi J, Marambaud P, Robakis NK. The cytoplasmic sequence of E-cadherin promotes non-amyloidogenic degradation of A beta precursors. J Neurochem. 2006 Feb;96(4):1182-8. Epub 2006 Jan 26. PMID:16417575 doi:JNC3616
- ↑ Parisini E, Higgins JM, Liu JH, Brenner MB, Wang JH. The crystal structure of human E-cadherin domains 1 and 2, and comparison with other cadherins in the context of adhesion mechanism. J Mol Biol. 2007 Oct 19;373(2):401-11. Epub 2007 Aug 21. PMID:17850815 doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2007.08.011
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