3hcu

Structural highlights

Function

[TRAF6_HUMAN] E3 ubiquitin ligase that, together with UBE2N and UBE2V1, mediates the synthesis of 'Lys-63'-linked-polyubiquitin chains conjugated to proteins, such as IKBKG, AKT1 and AKT2. Also mediates ubiquitination of free/unanchored polyubiquitin chain that leads to MAP3K7 activation. Leads to the activation of NF-kappa-B and JUN. May be essential for the formation of functional osteoclasts. Seems to also play a role in dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and/or activation. Represses c-Myb-mediated transactivation, in B-lymphocytes. Adapter protein that seems to play a role in signal transduction initiated via TNF receptor, IL-1 receptor and IL-17 receptor. Regulates osteoclast differentiation by mediating the activation of adapter protein complex 1 (AP-1) and NF-kappa-B, in response to RANK-L stimulation.^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]} [UBE2N_HUMAN] The UBE2V1-UBE2N and UBE2V2-UBE2N heterodimers catalyze the synthesis of non-canonical 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains. This type of polyubiquitination does not lead to protein degradation by the proteasome. Mediates transcriptional activation of target genes. Plays a role in the control of progress through the cell cycle and differentiation. Plays a role in the error-free DNA repair pathway and contributes to the survival of cells after DNA damage. Acts together with the E3 ligases, HLTF and SHPRH, in the 'Lys-63'-linked poly-ubiquitination of PCNA upon genotoxic stress, which is required for DNA repair. Appears to act together with E3 ligase RNF5 in the 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of JKAMP thereby regulating JKAMP function by decreasing its association with components of the proteasome and ERAD. Promotes TRIM5 capsid-specific restriction activity and the UBE2V1-UBE2N heterodimer acts in concert with TRIM5 to generate 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains which activate the MAP3K7/TAK1 complex which in turn results in the induction and expression of NF-kappa-B and MAPK-responsive inflammatory genes (By similarity).^{[11] [12] [13] [14] [15]}

Evolutionary Conservation

Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.

References

1. ↑ Cao Z, Xiong J, Takeuchi M, Kurama T, Goeddel DV. TRAF6 is a signal transducer for interleukin-1. Nature. 1996 Oct 3;383(6599):443-6. PMID:8837778 doi:10.1038/383443a0
2. ↑ Deng L, Wang C, Spencer E, Yang L, Braun A, You J, Slaughter C, Pickart C, Chen ZJ. Activation of the IkappaB kinase complex by TRAF6 requires a dimeric ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme complex and a unique polyubiquitin chain. Cell. 2000 Oct 13;103(2):351-61. PMID:11057907
3. ↑ Wang Y, Tang Y, Teng L, Wu Y, Zhao X, Pei G. Association of beta-arrestin and TRAF6 negatively regulates Toll-like receptor-interleukin 1 receptor signaling. Nat Immunol. 2006 Feb;7(2):139-47. Epub 2005 Dec 25. PMID:16378096 doi:10.1038/ni1294
4. ↑ Lamothe B, Besse A, Campos AD, Webster WK, Wu H, Darnay BG. Site-specific Lys-63-linked tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 auto-ubiquitination is a critical determinant of I kappa B kinase activation. J Biol Chem. 2007 Feb 9;282(6):4102-12. Epub 2006 Nov 29. PMID:17135271 doi:10.1074/jbc.M609503200
5. ↑ Pham LV, Zhou HJ, Lin-Lee YC, Tamayo AT, Yoshimura LC, Fu L, Darnay BG, Ford RJ. Nuclear tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 in lymphoid cells negatively regulates c-Myb-mediated transactivation through small ubiquitin-related modifier-1 modification. J Biol Chem. 2008 Feb 22;283(8):5081-9. Epub 2007 Dec 19. PMID:18093978 doi:10.1074/jbc.M706307200
6. ↑ Sorrentino A, Thakur N, Grimsby S, Marcusson A, von Bulow V, Schuster N, Zhang S, Heldin CH, Landstrom M. The type I TGF-beta receptor engages TRAF6 to activate TAK1 in a receptor kinase-independent manner. Nat Cell Biol. 2008 Oct;10(10):1199-207. doi: 10.1038/ncb1780. Epub 2008 Aug 31. PMID:18758450 doi:10.1038/ncb1780
7. ↑ Xia ZP, Sun L, Chen X, Pineda G, Jiang X, Adhikari A, Zeng W, Chen ZJ. Direct activation of protein kinases by unanchored polyubiquitin chains. Nature. 2009 Sep 3;461(7260):114-9. doi: 10.1038/nature08247. Epub 2009 Aug 12. PMID:19675569 doi:10.1038/nature08247
8. ↑ Yang WL, Wang J, Chan CH, Lee SW, Campos AD, Lamothe B, Hur L, Grabiner BC, Lin X, Darnay BG, Lin HK. The E3 ligase TRAF6 regulates Akt ubiquitination and activation. Science. 2009 Aug 28;325(5944):1134-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1175065. PMID:19713527 doi:10.1126/science.1175065
9. ↑ Ye H, Arron JR, Lamothe B, Cirilli M, Kobayashi T, Shevde NK, Segal D, Dzivenu OK, Vologodskaia M, Yim M, Du K, Singh S, Pike JW, Darnay BG, Choi Y, Wu H. Distinct molecular mechanism for initiating TRAF6 signalling. Nature. 2002 Jul 25;418(6896):443-7. PMID:12140561 doi:10.1038/nature00888
10. ↑ Yin Q, Lin SC, Lamothe B, Lu M, Lo YC, Hura G, Zheng L, Rich RL, Campos AD, Myszka DG, Lenardo MJ, Darnay BG, Wu H. E2 interaction and dimerization in the crystal structure of TRAF6. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2009 Jun;16(6):658-66. Epub 2009 May 24. PMID:19465916 doi:10.1038/nsmb.1605
11. ↑ Hofmann RM, Pickart CM. Noncanonical MMS2-encoded ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme functions in assembly of novel polyubiquitin chains for DNA repair. Cell. 1999 Mar 5;96(5):645-53. PMID:10089880
12. ↑ Bothos J, Summers MK, Venere M, Scolnick DM, Halazonetis TD. The Chfr mitotic checkpoint protein functions with Ubc13-Mms2 to form Lys63-linked polyubiquitin chains. Oncogene. 2003 Oct 16;22(46):7101-7. PMID:14562038 doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206831
13. ↑ Tcherpakov M, Delaunay A, Toth J, Kadoya T, Petroski MD, Ronai ZA. Regulation of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation by RNF5-dependent ubiquitination of JNK-associated membrane protein (JAMP). J Biol Chem. 2009 May 1;284(18):12099-109. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M808222200. Epub 2009, Mar 6. PMID:19269966 doi:10.1074/jbc.M808222200
14. ↑ David Y, Ziv T, Admon A, Navon A. The E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes direct polyubiquitination to preferred lysines. J Biol Chem. 2010 Jan 8. PMID:20061386 doi:M109.089003
15. ↑ Pertel T, Hausmann S, Morger D, Zuger S, Guerra J, Lascano J, Reinhard C, Santoni FA, Uchil PD, Chatel L, Bisiaux A, Albert ML, Strambio-De-Castillia C, Mothes W, Pizzato M, Grutter MG, Luban J. TRIM5 is an innate immune sensor for the retrovirus capsid lattice. Nature. 2011 Apr 21;472(7343):361-5. doi: 10.1038/nature09976. PMID:21512573 doi:10.1038/nature09976
16. ↑ Yin Q, Lin SC, Lamothe B, Lu M, Lo YC, Hura G, Zheng L, Rich RL, Campos AD, Myszka DG, Lenardo MJ, Darnay BG, Wu H. E2 interaction and dimerization in the crystal structure of TRAF6. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2009 Jun;16(6):658-66. Epub 2009 May 24. PMID:19465916 doi:10.1038/nsmb.1605