Structural highlights
Function
[POLG_DEN1S] Protein C: Plays a role in virus budding by binding to membrane and gathering the viral RNA into a nucleocapsid that forms the core of a mature virus particle. During virus entry, may induce genome penetration in host cytoplasm after hemifusion induced by surface proteins. Can migrate tot cell nucleus where it modulates host functions.[UniProtKB:P17763] Peptide pr: Prevents premature fusion activity of envelope proteins in trans Golgi by binding to envelope protein E at pH6.0. After virion release in extracellular space gets dissociated from E dimers.[UniProtKB:P17763] Protein prM: Acts as a chaperone for envelope protein E during intracellular virion assembly by masking and inactivating envelope protein E fusion peptide. prM is the only viral peptide matured by host furin in the trans-Golgi network. Presumably to avoid catastrophic activation of the viral fusion activity in acidic GolGi compartment prior to virion release. prM-E cleavage is ineficient, and many virions are only partially matured. These uncleaved prM would play a role in immune evasion.[UniProtKB:P17763] Small envelope protein M: May play a role in virus budding. Exerts cytotoxic effects by activating a mitochondrial apoptotic pathway through M extodomain. May display a viroporin activity.[UniProtKB:P17763] Envelope protein E: Binds to host cell surface receptor and mediates fusion between viral and cellular membranes. Envelope protein is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum in the form of heterodimer with protein prM. They play a role in virion budding in the ER, and the newly formed immature particule is covered with 60 spikes composed of heterodimer between precursor prM and envelope protein E. The virion is transported to the Golgi apparatus where the low pH causes dissociation of PrM-E heterodimers and formation of E homodimers. prM-E cleavage is ineficient, and many virions are only partially matured. These uncleaved prM would play a role in immune evasion.[UniProtKB:P17763] Non-structural protein 1: Involved in immune evasion, pathogenesis and viral replication. Once cleaved off the polyprotein, is targeted to three destinations: the viral replication cycle, the plasma membrane and the extracellular compartment. May play a role in viral genome replication. Assist membrane bending and envelopment of genomic RNA at the endoplasmic reticulum. Excreted as a hexameric lipoparticle that plays a role against host immune responce.[UniProtKB:P17763] Non-structural protein 2A: Component of the viral RNA replication complex that functions in virion assembly and antagonizes the host immune response.[UniProtKB:P17763] Non-structural protein 2B: Required cofactor for the serine protease function of NS3 (By similarity). May have membrane-destabilizing activity and form viroporins (By similarity).[UniProtKB:P17763][PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00859] Serine protease NS3: Displays three enzymatic activities: serine protease, NTPase and RNA helicase. NS3 serine protease, in association with NS2B, performs its autocleavage and cleaves the polyprotein at dibasic sites in the cytoplasm: C-prM, NS2A-NS2B, NS2B-NS3, NS3-NS4A, NS4A-2K and NS4B-NS5. NS3 RNA helicase binds RNA and unwinds dsRNA in the 3' to 5' direction.[PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00860] Non-structural protein 4A: Induces host endoplasmic regulate the ATPase activity of the NS3 helicase.[UniProtKB:P17763] Peptide 2k: Functions as a signal peptide for NS4B and is required for the interferon antagonism activity of the latter.[UniProtKB:P17763] Non-structural protein 4B: Inhibits interferon (IFN)-induced host STAT1 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, thereby preventing the establishment of cellular antiviral state by blocking the IFN-alpha/beta pathway.[UniProtKB:P17763] RNA-directed RNA polymerase NS5: Replicates the viral (+) and (-) genome, and performs the capping of genomes in the cytoplasm. NS5 methylates viral RNA cap at guanine N-7 and ribose 2'-O positions. Besides its role in genome replication, also prevents the establishment of cellular antiviral state by blocking the interferon-alpha/beta (IFN-alpha/beta) signaling pathway. Inhibits host TYK2 and STAT2 phosphorylation, thereby preventing activation of JAK-STAT signaling pathway.[UniProtKB:P17763]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
With an estimated 40% of the world population at risk, dengue poses a significant threat to human health, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Preventative and curative efforts, such as vaccine development and drug discovery, face additional challenges due to the occurrence of four antigenically distinct serotypes of the causative dengue virus (DEN1 to -4). Complex immune responses resulting from repeat assaults by the different serotypes necessitate simultaneous targeting of all forms of the virus. One of the promising targets for drug development is the highly conserved two-component viral protease NS2B-NS3, which plays an essential role in viral replication by processing the viral precursor polyprotein into functional proteins. In this paper, we report the 2.1-A crystal structure of the DEN1 NS2B hydrophilic core (residues 49 to 95) in complex with the NS3 protease domain (residues 1 to 186) carrying an internal deletion in the N terminus (residues 11 to 20). While the overall folds within the protease core are similar to those of DEN2 and DEN4 proteases, the conformation of the cofactor NS2B is dramatically different from those of other flaviviral apoprotease structures. The differences are especially apparent within its C-terminal region, implicated in substrate binding. The structure reveals for the first time serotype-specific structural elements in the dengue virus family, with the reported alternate conformation resulting from a unique metal-binding site within the DEN1 sequence. We also report the identification of a 10-residue stretch within NS3pro that separates the substrate-binding function from the catalytic turnover rate of the enzyme. Implications for broad-spectrum drug discovery are discussed.
Serotype-specific structural differences in the protease-cofactor complexes of the dengue virus family.,Chandramouli S, Joseph JS, Daudenarde S, Gatchalian J, Cornillez-Ty C, Kuhn P J Virol. 2010 Mar;84(6):3059-67. Epub 2009 Dec 30. PMID:20042502[1]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Chandramouli S, Joseph JS, Daudenarde S, Gatchalian J, Cornillez-Ty C, Kuhn P. Serotype-specific structural differences in the protease-cofactor complexes of the dengue virus family. J Virol. 2010 Mar;84(6):3059-67. Epub 2009 Dec 30. PMID:20042502 doi:10.1128/JVI.02044-09
