| Structural highlights
3v8t is a 2 chain structure with sequence from Human. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
| | Ligands: | , |
| Related: | 3v8w, 3v5l, 3vf8, 3vf9 |
| Gene: | ITK, EMT, LYK (HUMAN) |
| Activity: | Non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase, with EC number 2.7.10.2 |
| Resources: | FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT |
Disease
[ITK_HUMAN] Defects in ITK are the cause of lymphoproliferative syndrome EBV-associated autosomal type 1 (LPSA1) [MIM:613011]. LPSA1 is a rare immunodeficiency characterized by extreme susceptibility to infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Inadequate immune response to EBV can have a fatal outcome. Clinical features include splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, anemia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, recurrent infections. There is an increased risk for lymphoma.[1]
Function
[ITK_HUMAN] Tyrosine kinase that plays an essential role in regulation of the adaptive immune response. Regulates the development, function and differentiation of conventional T-cells and nonconventional NKT-cells. When antigen presenting cells (APC) activate T-cell receptor (TCR), a series of phosphorylation lead to the recruitment of ITK to the cell membrane, in the vicinity of the stimulated TCR receptor, where it is phosphorylated by LCK. Phosphorylation leads to ITK autophosphorylation and full activation. Once activated, phosphorylates PLCG1, leading to the activation of this lipase and subsequent cleavage of its substrates. In turn, the endoplasmic reticulum releases calcium in the cytoplasm and the nuclear activator of activated T-cells (NFAT) translocates into the nucleus to perform its transcriptional duty. Phosphorylates 2 essential adapter proteins: the linker for activation of T-cells/LAT protein and LCP2. Then, a large number of signaling molecules such as VAV1 are recruited and ultimately lead to lymphokine production, T-cell proliferation and differentiation.[2] [3] [4]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Beginning with a screening hit, unique thienopyrazole-indole inhibitors of Itk (interleukin-2-inducible tyrosine kinase) were designed, synthesized, and crystallized in the target kinase. Although initial compounds were highly active in Itk, they were not selective. Increasing the steric bulk around a tertiary alcohol at the 5-indole position dramatically improved selectivity toward Lyk and Syk, but not Txk. Substitutions at the 3- and 4-indole positions gave less active compounds that remained poorly selective. A difluoromethyl substitution at the 5-position of the thienopyrazole led to a highly potent and selective compound. Phenyl at this position reduced activity and selectivity while pushing the side-chains of Lys-391 and Asp-500 away from the binding pocket. Novel and selective thienopyrazole inhibitors of Itk were designed as a result of combining structure-based design and medicinal chemistry.
X-ray crystallographic structure-based design of selective thienopyrazole inhibitors for interleukin-2-inducible tyrosine kinase.,McLean LR, Zhang Y, Zaidi N, Bi X, Wang R, Dharanipragada R, Jurcak JG, Gillespy TA, Zhao Z, Musick KY, Choi YM, Barrague M, Peppard J, Smicker M, Duguid M, Parkar A, Fordham J, Kominos D Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2012 May 1;22(9):3296-300. Epub 2012 Mar 11. PMID:22464456[5]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Huck K, Feyen O, Niehues T, Ruschendorf F, Hubner N, Laws HJ, Telieps T, Knapp S, Wacker HH, Meindl A, Jumaa H, Borkhardt A. Girls homozygous for an IL-2-inducible T cell kinase mutation that leads to protein deficiency develop fatal EBV-associated lymphoproliferation. J Clin Invest. 2009 May;119(5):1350-8. PMID:19425169
- ↑ Perez-Villar JJ, Whitney GS, Sitnick MT, Dunn RJ, Venkatesan S, O'Day K, Schieven GL, Lin TA, Kanner SB. Phosphorylation of the linker for activation of T-cells by Itk promotes recruitment of Vav. Biochemistry. 2002 Aug 27;41(34):10732-40. PMID:12186560
- ↑ Grasis JA, Browne CD, Tsoukas CD. Inducible T cell tyrosine kinase regulates actin-dependent cytoskeletal events induced by the T cell antigen receptor. J Immunol. 2003 Apr 15;170(8):3971-6. PMID:12682224
- ↑ Sela M, Bogin Y, Beach D, Oellerich T, Lehne J, Smith-Garvin JE, Okumura M, Starosvetsky E, Kosoff R, Libman E, Koretzky G, Kambayashi T, Urlaub H, Wienands J, Chernoff J, Yablonski D. Sequential phosphorylation of SLP-76 at tyrosine 173 is required for activation of T and mast cells. EMBO J. 2011 Jul 1;30(15):3160-72. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2011.213. PMID:21725281 doi:10.1038/emboj.2011.213
- ↑ McLean LR, Zhang Y, Zaidi N, Bi X, Wang R, Dharanipragada R, Jurcak JG, Gillespy TA, Zhao Z, Musick KY, Choi YM, Barrague M, Peppard J, Smicker M, Duguid M, Parkar A, Fordham J, Kominos D. X-ray crystallographic structure-based design of selective thienopyrazole inhibitors for interleukin-2-inducible tyrosine kinase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2012 May 1;22(9):3296-300. Epub 2012 Mar 11. PMID:22464456 doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.03.016
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