5xy1

Structural highlights

Disease

[LYN_HUMAN] Constitutively phosphorylated and activated in cells from a number of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Mediates phosphorylation of the BCR-ABL fusion protein. Abnormally elevated expression levels or activation of LYN signaling may play a role in survival and proliferation of some types of cancer cells.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Function

[LYN_HUMAN] Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that transmits signals from cell surface receptors and plays an important role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses, hematopoiesis, responses to growth factors and cytokines, integrin signaling, but also responses to DNA damage and genotoxic agents. Functions primarily as negative regulator, but can also function as activator, depending on the context. Required for the initiation of the B-cell response, but also for its down-regulation and termination. Plays an important role in the regulation of B-cell differentiation, proliferation, survival and apoptosis, and is important for immune self-tolerance. Acts downstream of several immune receptors, including the B-cell receptor, CD79A, CD79B, CD5, CD19, CD22, FCER1, FCGR2, FCGR1A, TLR2 and TLR4. Plays a role in the inflammatory response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Mediates the responses to cytokines and growth factors in hematopoietic progenitors, platelets, erythrocytes, and in mature myeloid cells, such as dendritic cells, neutrophils and eosinophils. Acts downstream of EPOR, KIT, MPL, the chemokine receptor CXCR4, as well as the receptors for IL3, IL5 and CSF2. Plays an important role in integrin signaling. Regulates cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, migration, adhesion, degranulation, and cytokine release. Down-regulates signaling pathways by phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIM), that then serve as binding sites for phosphatases, such as PTPN6/SHP-1, PTPN11/SHP-2 and INPP5D/SHIP-1, that modulate signaling by dephosphorylation of kinases and their substrates. Phosphorylates LIME1 in response to CD22 activation. Phosphorylates BTK, CBL, CD5, CD19, CD72, CD79A, CD79B, CSF2RB, DOK1, HCLS1, LILRB3/PIR-B, MS4A2/FCER1B, PTK2B/PYK2, SYK and TEC. Promotes phosphorylation of SIRPA, PTPN6/SHP-1, PTPN11/SHP-2 and INPP5D/SHIP-1. Mediates phosphorylation of the BCR-ABL fusion protein. Required for rapid phosphorylation of FER in response to FCER1 activation. Mediates KIT phosphorylation. Acts as an effector of EPOR (erythropoietin receptor) in controlling KIT expression and may play a role in erythroid differentiation during the switch between proliferation and maturation. Depending on the context, activates or inhibits several signaling cascades. Regulates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and AKT1 activation. Regulates activation of the MAP kinase signaling cascade, including activation of MAP2K1/MEK1, MAPK1/ERK2, MAPK3/ERK1, MAPK8/JNK1 and MAPK9/JNK2. Mediates activation of STAT5A and/or STAT5B. Phosphorylates LPXN on 'Tyr-72'.^{[4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22]}

References

1. ↑ Dos Santos C, Demur C, Bardet V, Prade-Houdellier N, Payrastre B, Recher C. A critical role for Lyn in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2008 Feb 15;111(4):2269-79. Epub 2007 Dec 3. PMID:18056483 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-04-082099
2. ↑ Wu J, Meng F, Lu H, Kong L, Bornmann W, Peng Z, Talpaz M, Donato NJ. Lyn regulates BCR-ABL and Gab2 tyrosine phosphorylation and c-Cbl protein stability in imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Blood. 2008 Apr 1;111(7):3821-9. doi: 10.1182/blood-2007-08-109330. Epub 2008 Jan, 30. PMID:18235045 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-08-109330
3. ↑ Wu J, Meng F, Kong LY, Peng Z, Ying Y, Bornmann WG, Darnay BG, Lamothe B, Sun H, Talpaz M, Donato NJ. Association between imatinib-resistant BCR-ABL mutation-negative leukemia and persistent activation of LYN kinase. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008 Jul 2;100(13):926-39. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djn188. Epub, 2008 Jun 24. PMID:18577747 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djn188
4. ↑ Roifman CM, Ke S. CD19 is a substrate of the antigen receptor-associated protein tyrosine kinase in human B cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 Jul 15;194(1):222-5. PMID:7687428 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1993.1807
5. ↑ Yoshida K, Kharbanda S, Kufe D. Functional interaction between SHPTP1 and the Lyn tyrosine kinase in the apoptotic response to DNA damage. J Biol Chem. 1999 Dec 3;274(49):34663-8. PMID:10574931
6. ↑ Gaul BS, Harrison ML, Geahlen RL, Burton RA, Post CB. Substrate recognition by the Lyn protein-tyrosine kinase. NMR structure of the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif signaling region of the B cell antigen receptor. J Biol Chem. 2000 May 26;275(21):16174-82. PMID:10748115 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M909044199
7. ↑ O'Laughlin-Bunner B, Radosevic N, Taylor ML, Shivakrupa, DeBerry C, Metcalfe DD, Zhou M, Lowell C, Linnekin D. Lyn is required for normal stem cell factor-induced proliferation and chemotaxis of primary hematopoietic cells. Blood. 2001 Jul 15;98(2):343-50. PMID:11435302
8. ↑ Yoshida K, Weichselbaum R, Kharbanda S, Kufe D. Role for Lyn tyrosine kinase as a regulator of stress-activated protein kinase activity in response to DNA damage. Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Aug;20(15):5370-80. PMID:10891478
9. ↑ Grishin AV, Azhipa O, Semenov I, Corey SJ. Interaction between growth arrest-DNA damage protein 34 and Src kinase Lyn negatively regulates genotoxic apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Aug 28;98(18):10172-7. Epub 2001 Aug 21. PMID:11517336 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.191130798
10. ↑ Liang X, Wisniewski D, Strife A, Shivakrupa, Clarkson B, Resh MD. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Src family kinases are required for phosphorylation and membrane recruitment of Dok-1 in c-Kit signaling. J Biol Chem. 2002 Apr 19;277(16):13732-8. Epub 2002 Feb 1. PMID:11825908 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M200277200
11. ↑ Lannutti BJ, Drachman JG. Lyn tyrosine kinase regulates thrombopoietin-induced proliferation of hematopoietic cell lines and primary megakaryocytic progenitors. Blood. 2004 May 15;103(10):3736-43. Epub 2004 Jan 15. PMID:14726379 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-10-3566
12. ↑ Brunati AM, Deana R, Folda A, Massimino ML, Marin O, Ledro S, Pinna LA, Donella-Deana A. Thrombin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of HS1 in human platelets is sequentially catalyzed by Syk and Lyn tyrosine kinases and associated with the cellular migration of the protein. J Biol Chem. 2005 Jun 3;280(22):21029-35. Epub 2005 Mar 28. PMID:15795233 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M412634200
13. ↑ Nakata Y, Tomkowicz B, Gewirtz AM, Ptasznik A. Integrin inhibition through Lyn-dependent cross talk from CXCR4 chemokine receptors in normal human CD34+ marrow cells. Blood. 2006 Jun 1;107(11):4234-9. Epub 2006 Feb 7. PMID:16467205 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-08-3343
14. ↑ Chew V, Lam KP. Leupaxin negatively regulates B cell receptor signaling. J Biol Chem. 2007 Sep 14;282(37):27181-91. Epub 2007 Jul 19. PMID:17640867 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M704625200
15. ↑ Zhang J, Suzuki K, Hitomi T, Siraganian RP. TOM1L1 is a Lyn substrate involved in FcepsilonRI signaling in mast cells. J Biol Chem. 2007 Dec 28;282(52):37669-77. Epub 2007 Oct 31. PMID:17977829 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M705168200
16. ↑ Dos Santos C, Demur C, Bardet V, Prade-Houdellier N, Payrastre B, Recher C. A critical role for Lyn in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2008 Feb 15;111(4):2269-79. Epub 2007 Dec 3. PMID:18056483 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-04-082099
17. ↑ Tauzin S, Ding H, Khatib K, Ahmad I, Burdevet D, van Echten-Deckert G, Lindquist JA, Schraven B, Din NU, Borisch B, Hoessli DC. Oncogenic association of the Cbp/PAG adaptor protein with the Lyn tyrosine kinase in human B-NHL rafts. Blood. 2008 Feb 15;111(4):2310-20. Epub 2007 Dec 10. PMID:18070987 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-05-090985
18. ↑ Wu J, Meng F, Lu H, Kong L, Bornmann W, Peng Z, Talpaz M, Donato NJ. Lyn regulates BCR-ABL and Gab2 tyrosine phosphorylation and c-Cbl protein stability in imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Blood. 2008 Apr 1;111(7):3821-9. doi: 10.1182/blood-2007-08-109330. Epub 2008 Jan, 30. PMID:18235045 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-08-109330
19. ↑ Malik M, Chen YY, Kienzle MF, Tomkowicz BE, Collman RG, Ptasznik A. Monocyte migration and LFA-1-mediated attachment to brain microvascular endothelia is regulated by SDF-1 alpha through Lyn kinase. J Immunol. 2008 Oct 1;181(7):4632-7. PMID:18802065
20. ↑ Wu J, Meng F, Kong LY, Peng Z, Ying Y, Bornmann WG, Darnay BG, Lamothe B, Sun H, Talpaz M, Donato NJ. Association between imatinib-resistant BCR-ABL mutation-negative leukemia and persistent activation of LYN kinase. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2008 Jul 2;100(13):926-39. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djn188. Epub, 2008 Jun 24. PMID:18577747 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djn188
21. ↑ Collins M, Tremblay M, Chapman N, Curtiss M, Rothman PB, Houtman JC. The T cell receptor-mediated phosphorylation of Pyk2 tyrosines 402 and 580 occurs via a distinct mechanism than other receptor systems. J Leukoc Biol. 2009 Dec 22. PMID:20028775 doi:jlb.0409227
22. ↑ Scapini P, Pereira S, Zhang H, Lowell CA. Multiple roles of Lyn kinase in myeloid cell signaling and function. Immunol Rev. 2009 Mar;228(1):23-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00758.x. PMID:19290919 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00758.x