| Structural highlights
Function
[SIR5_HUMAN] NAD-dependent lysine demalonylase and desuccinylase that specifically removes malonyl and succinyl groups on target proteins. Activates CPS1 and contributes to the regulation of blood ammonia levels during prolonged fasting: acts by mediating desuccinylation of CPS1, thereby increasing CPS1 activity in response to elevated NAD levels during fasting. Activates SOD1 by mediating its desuccinylation, leading to reduced reactive oxygen species. Has weak NAD-dependent protein deacetylase activity; however this activity may not be physiologically relevant in vivo. Can deacetylate cytochrome c (CYCS) and a number of other proteins in vitro.[1] [2] [3] [4]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Sirtuins are pivotal regulators in various cellular processes, including transcription, DNA repair, genome stability, and energy metabolism. Their functions have been generally attributed to NAD-dependent deacetylase activity. However, human SIRT5 (sirtuin 5), which has been reported to exhibit little deacetylase activity, was recently identified as an NAD-dependent demalonylase and desuccinylase. Biochemical studies suggested that the mechanism of SIRT5-catalyzed demalonylation and desuccinylation is similar to that of deacetylation catalyzed by other sirtuins. Previously, we solved the crystal structure of a SIRT5-succinyl-lysine peptide-NAD complex. Here, we present two more structures: a binary complex of SIRT5 with an H3K9 succinyl peptide and a binary complex of SIRT5 with a bicyclic intermediate obtained by incubating SIRT5-H3K9 thiosuccinyl peptide co-crystals with NAD. To our knowledge, this represents the first bicyclic intermediate for a sirtuin-catalyzed deacylation reaction that has been captured in a crystal structure, thus providing unique insights into the reaction mechanism. The structural information should benefit the design of specific inhibitors for SIRT5 and help in exploring the therapeutic potential of targeting sirtuins for treating human diseases.
The Bicyclic Intermediate Structure Provides Insights into the Desuccinylation Mechanism of Human Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5).,Zhou Y, Zhang H, He B, Du J, Lin H, Cerione RA, Hao Q J Biol Chem. 2012 Aug 17;287(34):28307-14. Epub 2012 Jul 5. PMID:22767592[5]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Schlicker C, Gertz M, Papatheodorou P, Kachholz B, Becker CF, Steegborn C. Substrates and regulation mechanisms for the human mitochondrial sirtuins Sirt3 and Sirt5. J Mol Biol. 2008 Oct 10;382(3):790-801. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.07.048. Epub 2008, Jul 25. PMID:18680753 doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2008.07.048
- ↑ Peng C, Lu Z, Xie Z, Cheng Z, Chen Y, Tan M, Luo H, Zhang Y, He W, Yang K, Zwaans BM, Tishkoff D, Ho L, Lombard D, He TC, Dai J, Verdin E, Ye Y, Zhao Y. The first identification of lysine malonylation substrates and its regulatory enzyme. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2011 Dec;10(12):M111.012658. doi: 10.1074/mcp.M111.012658., Epub 2011 Sep 9. PMID:21908771 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/mcp.M111.012658
- ↑ Lin ZF, Xu HB, Wang JY, Lin Q, Ruan Z, Liu FB, Jin W, Huang HH, Chen X. SIRT5 desuccinylates and activates SOD1 to eliminate ROS. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2013 Nov 8;441(1):191-5. doi:, 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.033. Epub 2013 Oct 16. PMID:24140062 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.033
- ↑ Du J, Zhou Y, Su X, Yu JJ, Khan S, Jiang H, Kim J, Woo J, Kim JH, Choi BH, He B, Chen W, Zhang S, Cerione RA, Auwerx J, Hao Q, Lin H. Sirt5 is a NAD-dependent protein lysine demalonylase and desuccinylase. Science. 2011 Nov 11;334(6057):806-9. PMID:22076378 doi:10.1126/science.1207861
- ↑ Zhou Y, Zhang H, He B, Du J, Lin H, Cerione RA, Hao Q. The Bicyclic Intermediate Structure Provides Insights into the Desuccinylation Mechanism of Human Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5). J Biol Chem. 2012 Aug 17;287(34):28307-14. Epub 2012 Jul 5. PMID:22767592 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112.384511
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