4mi0
From Proteopedia
| Line 22: | Line 22: | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
<div class="pdbe-citations 4mi0" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> | <div class="pdbe-citations 4mi0" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div> | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==See Also== | ||
| - | *[[Histone methyltransferase|Histone methyltransferase]] | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
Revision as of 09:51, 15 November 2017
Human Enhancer of Zeste (Drosophila) Homolog 2(EZH2)
Structural highlights
Disease[EZH2_HUMAN] Weaver syndrome. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Function[EZH2_HUMAN] Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Catalytic subunit of the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex, which methylates 'Lys-9' (H3K9me) and 'Lys-27' (H3K27me) of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target gene. Able to mono-, di- and trimethylate 'Lys-27' of histone H3 to form H3K27me1, H3K27me2 and H3K27me3, respectively. Compared to EZH2-containing complexes, it is more abundant in embryonic stem cells and plays a major role in forming H3K27me3, which is required for embryonic stem cell identity and proper differentiation. The PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex may also serve as a recruiting platform for DNA methyltransferases, thereby linking two epigenetic repression systems. Genes repressed by the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex include HOXC8, HOXA9, MYT1, CDKN2A and retinoic acid target genes. EZH2 can also methylate non-histone proteins such as the transcription factor GATA4 and the nuclear receptor RORA.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] Publication Abstract from PubMedPolycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is an important regulator of cellular differentiation and cell type identity. Overexpression or activating mutations of EZH2, the catalytic component of the PRC2 complex, are linked to hyper-trimethylation of lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3) in many cancers. Potent EZH2 inhibitors that reduce levels of H3K27me3 kill mutant lymphoma cells and are efficacious in a mouse xenograft model of malignant rhabdoid tumors. Unlike most SET domain methyltransferases, EZH2 requires PRC2 components, SUZ12 and EED, for activity, but the mechanism by which catalysis is promoted in the PRC2 complex is unknown. We solved the 2.0 A crystal structure of the EZH2 methyltransferase domain revealing that most of the canonical structural features of SET domain methyltransferase structures are conserved. The site of methyl transfer is in a catalytically competent state, and the structure clarifies the structural mechanism underlying oncogenic hyper-trimethylation of H3K27 in tumors harboring mutations at Y641 or A677. On the other hand, the I-SET and post-SET domains occupy atypical positions relative to the core SET domain resulting in incomplete formation of the cofactor binding site and occlusion of the substrate binding groove. A novel CXC domain N-terminal to the SET domain may contribute to the apparent inactive conformation. We propose that protein interactions within the PRC2 complex modulate the trajectory of the post-SET and I-SET domains of EZH2 in favor of a catalytically competent conformation. Structure of the catalytic domain of EZH2 reveals conformational plasticity in cofactor and substrate binding sites and explains oncogenic mutations.,Wu H, Zeng H, Dong A, Li F, He H, Senisterra G, Seitova A, Duan S, Brown PJ, Vedadi M, Arrowsmith CH, Schapira M PLoS One. 2013 Dec 19;8(12):e83737. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083737., eCollection 2013. PMID:24367611[15] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
Categories: Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase | Human | Arrowsmith, C H | Bountra, C | Brown, P J | Dong, A | Edwards, A M | He, H | Structural genomic | Wernimont, A | Wu, H | Zeng, H | Chromatin modification | Ezh2 | Gene regulation | Gene silencing | Histone methyltransferase | Polycomb repressive complex 2 | Sgc | Transcription | Transferase
