| Structural highlights
5jze is a 4 chain structure with sequence from Erve virus and Lk3 transgenic mice. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
| | Ligands: | , |
| Related: | 4hxd, 3prm, 3prp, 3phx |
| Gene: | Isg15, G1p2, Ucrp (LK3 transgenic mice), RdRP (Erve virus) |
| Resources: | FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT |
Function
[ISG15_MOUSE] Ubiquitin-like protein which plays a key role in the innate immune response to viral infection either via its conjugation to a target protein (ISGylation) or via its action as a free or unconjugated protein. ISGylation involves a cascade of enzymatic reactions involving E1, E2, and E3 enzymes which catalyze the conjugation of ISG15 to a lysine residue in the target protein. Its target proteins include SERPINA3G/SPI2A, JAK1, MAPK3/ERK1, PLCG1, TRIM25, STAT5A, MAPK1/ERK2 and globin. Can also isgylate: DDX58/RIG-I which inhibits its function in antiviral signaling response and EIF4E2 which enhances its cap structure-binding activity and translation-inhibition activity. Exhibits antiviral activity towards both DNA and RNA viruses, including influenza A and B virus, sindbis virus (SV) and herpes simplex type-1 (HHV-1). Plays a significant role in the control of neonatal Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection by acting as a putative immunomodulator of proinflammatory cytokines. Protects mice against the consequences of Chikungunya virus infection by downregulating the pathogenic cytokine response, often denoted as the cytokine storm. Plays a role in erythroid differentiation. The secreted form of ISG15 can: induce natural killer cell proliferation, act as a chemotactic factor for neutrophils and act as a IFN-gamma-inducing cytokine playing an essential role in antimycobacterial immunity.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The regulation of the interferon type I (IFN-I) response has been shown to rely on posttranslational modification by ubiquitin (Ub) and Ub-like interferon-stimulated gene product 15 (ISG15) to stabilize, or activate, a variety of IFN-I signaling and downstream effector proteins. Unlike Ub, which is almost perfectly conserved among eukaryotes, ISG15 is highly divergent, even among mammals. Since zoonotic viruses rely on viral proteins to recognize, or cleave, ISG15 conjugates in order to evade, or suppress, innate immunity, the impact of ISG15 biodiversity on deISGylating proteases of the ovarian tumor family (vOTU) from nairoviruses was evaluated. The enzymatic activities of vOTUs originating from the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Erve virus, and Nairobi sheep disease virus were tested against ISG15s from humans, mice, shrews, sheep, bats, and camels, which are mammalian species known to be infected by nairoviruses. This along with investigation of binding by isothermal titration calorimetry illustrated significant differences in the abilities of nairovirus deISGylases to accommodate certain species of ISG15. To investigate the molecular underpinnings of species preferences of these vOTUs, a structure was determined to 2.5 A for a complex of Erve virus vOTU protease and a mouse ISG15 domain. This structure revealed the molecular basis of Erve virus vOTU's preference for ISG15 over Ub and the first structural insight into a nonhuman ISG15. This structure also revealed key interactions, or lack thereof, surrounding three amino acids that may drive a viral deISgylase to prefer an ISG15 from one species over that of another. IMPORTANCE: Viral ovarian tumor domain proteases (vOTUs) are one of the two principal classes of viral proteases observed to reverse posttranslational modification of host proteins by ubiquitin and interferon-stimulated gene product 15 (ISG15), subsequently facilitating downregulation of IFN-I signaling pathways. Unlike the case with ubiquitin, the amino acid sequences of ISG15s from various species are notably divergent. We illustrate that vOTUs have clear preferences for ISG15s from certain species. In addition, these observations are related to the molecular insights acquired via the first X-ray structure of the vOTU from the Erve nairovirus in complex with the first structurally resolved nonhuman ISG15. This information implicates certain amino acids that drive the preference of vOTUs for ISG15s from certain species.
Biochemical and Structural Insights into the Preference of Nairoviral DeISGylases for Interferon-Stimulated Gene Product 15 Originating from Certain Species.,Deaton MK, Dzimianski JV, Daczkowski CM, Whitney GK, Mank NJ, Parham MM, Bergeron E, Pegan SD J Virol. 2016 Aug 26;90(18):8314-27. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00975-16. Print 2016 Sep, 15. PMID:27412597[9]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Lenschow DJ, Giannakopoulos NV, Gunn LJ, Johnston C, O'Guin AK, Schmidt RE, Levine B, Virgin HW 4th. Identification of interferon-stimulated gene 15 as an antiviral molecule during Sindbis virus infection in vivo. J Virol. 2005 Nov;79(22):13974-83. PMID:16254333 doi:79/22/13974
- ↑ Zou W, Wang J, Zhang DE. Negative regulation of ISG15 E3 ligase EFP through its autoISGylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Mar 2;354(1):321-7. Epub 2007 Jan 8. PMID:17222803 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.12.210
- ↑ Lenschow DJ, Lai C, Frias-Staheli N, Giannakopoulos NV, Lutz A, Wolff T, Osiak A, Levine B, Schmidt RE, Garcia-Sastre A, Leib DA, Pekosz A, Knobeloch KP, Horak I, Virgin HW 4th. IFN-stimulated gene 15 functions as a critical antiviral molecule against influenza, herpes, and Sindbis viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jan 23;104(4):1371-6. Epub 2007 Jan 16. PMID:17227866 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0607038104
- ↑ Okumura F, Zou W, Zhang DE. ISG15 modification of the eIF4E cognate 4EHP enhances cap structure-binding activity of 4EHP. Genes Dev. 2007 Feb 1;21(3):255-60. PMID:17289916 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.1521607
- ↑ Kim MJ, Hwang SY, Imaizumi T, Yoo JY. Negative feedback regulation of RIG-I-mediated antiviral signaling by interferon-induced ISG15 conjugation. J Virol. 2008 Feb;82(3):1474-83. Epub 2007 Dec 5. PMID:18057259 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01650-07
- ↑ Maragno AL, Pironin M, Alcalde H, Cong X, Knobeloch KP, Tangy F, Zhang DE, Ghysdael J, Quang CT. ISG15 modulates development of the erythroid lineage. PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e26068. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026068. Epub 2011 Oct 12. PMID:22022510 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026068
- ↑ Werneke SW, Schilte C, Rohatgi A, Monte KJ, Michault A, Arenzana-Seisdedos F, Vanlandingham DL, Higgs S, Fontanet A, Albert ML, Lenschow DJ. ISG15 is critical in the control of Chikungunya virus infection independent of UbE1L mediated conjugation. PLoS Pathog. 2011 Oct;7(10):e1002322. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002322. Epub, 2011 Oct 20. PMID:22028657 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002322
- ↑ Bogunovic D, Byun M, Durfee LA, Abhyankar A, Sanal O, Mansouri D, Salem S, Radovanovic I, Grant AV, Adimi P, Mansouri N, Okada S, Bryant VL, Kong XF, Kreins A, Velez MM, Boisson B, Khalilzadeh S, Ozcelik U, Darazam IA, Schoggins JW, Rice CM, Al-Muhsen S, Behr M, Vogt G, Puel A, Bustamante J, Gros P, Huibregtse JM, Abel L, Boisson-Dupuis S, Casanova JL. Mycobacterial disease and impaired IFN-gamma immunity in humans with inherited ISG15 deficiency. Science. 2012 Sep 28;337(6102):1684-8. Epub 2012 Aug 2. PMID:22859821 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1224026
- ↑ Deaton MK, Dzimianski JV, Daczkowski CM, Whitney GK, Mank NJ, Parham MM, Bergeron E, Pegan SD. Biochemical and Structural Insights into the Preference of Nairoviral DeISGylases for Interferon-Stimulated Gene Product 15 Originating from Certain Species. J Virol. 2016 Aug 26;90(18):8314-27. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00975-16. Print 2016 Sep, 15. PMID:27412597 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00975-16
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