| Structural highlights
Disease
[MP2K1_HUMAN] Defects in MAP2K1 are a cause of cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFC syndrome) [MIM:115150]; also known as cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome. CFC syndrome is characterized by a distinctive facial appearance, heart defects and mental retardation. Heart defects include pulmonic stenosis, atrial septal defects and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Some affected individuals present with ectodermal abnormalities such as sparse, friable hair, hyperkeratotic skin lesions and a generalized ichthyosis-like condition. Typical facial features are similar to Noonan syndrome. They include high forehead with bitemporal constriction, hypoplastic supraorbital ridges, downslanting palpebral fissures, a depressed nasal bridge, and posteriorly angulated ears with prominent helices. The inheritance of CFC syndrome is autosomal dominant.
Function
[MP2K1_HUMAN] Dual specificity protein kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. Binding of extracellular ligands such as growth factors, cytokines and hormones to their cell-surface receptors activates RAS and this initiates RAF1 activation. RAF1 then further activates the dual-specificity protein kinases MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2. Both MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2 function specifically in the MAPK/ERK cascade, and catalyze the concomitant phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in a Thr-Glu-Tyr sequence located in the extracellular signal-regulated kinases MAPK3/ERK1 and MAPK1/ERK2, leading to their activation and further transduction of the signal within the MAPK/ERK cascade. Depending on the cellular context, this pathway mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation, predominantly through the regulation of transcription, metabolism and cytoskeletal rearrangements. One target of the MAPK/ERK cascade is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), a nuclear receptor that promotes differentiation and apoptosis. MAP2K1/MEK1 has been shown to export PPARG from the nucleus. The MAPK/ERK cascade is also involved in the regulation of endosomal dynamics, including lysosome processing and endosome cycling through the perinuclear recycling compartment (PNRC), as well as in the fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus during mitosis.[1] [2]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The MAP kinase pathway is one of the most important pathways involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, and its components are promising targets for antitumor drugs. Design and synthesis of a novel MEK inhibitor, based on the 3D-structural information of the target enzyme, and then multidimensional optimization including metabolic stability, physicochemical properties and safety profiles were effectively performed and led to the identification of a clinical candidate for an orally available potent MEK inhibitor, CH4987655, possessing a unique 3-oxo-oxazinane ring structure at the 5-position of the benzamide core structure. CH4987655 exhibits slow dissociation from the MEK enzyme, remarkable in vivo antitumor efficacy both in mono- and combination therapy, desirable metabolic stability, and insignificant MEK inhibition in mouse brain, implying few CNS-related side effects in human. An excellent PK profile and clear target inhibition in PBMC were demonstrated in a healthy volunteer clinical study.
Design and synthesis of novel allosteric MEK inhibitor CH4987655 as an orally available anticancer agent.,Isshiki Y, Kohchi Y, Iikura H, Matsubara Y, Asoh K, Murata T, Kohchi M, Mizuguchi E, Tsujii S, Hattori K, Miura T, Yoshimura Y, Aida S, Miwa M, Saitoh R, Murao N, Okabe H, Belunis C, Janson C, Lukacs C, Schuck V, Shimma N Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2011 Jan 21. PMID:21316218[3]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Liu X, Yan S, Zhou T, Terada Y, Erikson RL. The MAP kinase pathway is required for entry into mitosis and cell survival. Oncogene. 2004 Jan 22;23(3):763-76. PMID:14737111 doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1207188
- ↑ Burgermeister E, Chuderland D, Hanoch T, Meyer M, Liscovitch M, Seger R. Interaction with MEK causes nuclear export and downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Feb;27(3):803-17. Epub 2006 Nov 13. PMID:17101779 doi:10.1128/MCB.00601-06
- ↑ Isshiki Y, Kohchi Y, Iikura H, Matsubara Y, Asoh K, Murata T, Kohchi M, Mizuguchi E, Tsujii S, Hattori K, Miura T, Yoshimura Y, Aida S, Miwa M, Saitoh R, Murao N, Okabe H, Belunis C, Janson C, Lukacs C, Schuck V, Shimma N. Design and synthesis of novel allosteric MEK inhibitor CH4987655 as an orally available anticancer agent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2011 Jan 21. PMID:21316218 doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.01.062
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