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Structural highlights

Disease

[PEX5_HUMAN] Defects in PEX5 are the cause of peroxisome biogenesis disorder 2A (PBD2A) [MIM:214110]. A fatal peroxisome biogenesis disorder belonging to the Zellweger disease spectrum and characterized clinically by severe neurologic dysfunction with profound psychomotor retardation, severe hypotonia and neonatal seizures, craniofacial abnormalities, liver dysfunction, and biochemically by the absence of peroxisomes. Additional features include cardiovascular and skeletal defects, renal cysts, ocular abnormalities, and hearing impairment. Most severely affected individuals with the classic form of the disease (classic Zellweger syndrome) die within the first year of life.^[1] Defects in PEX5 are the cause of peroxisome biogenesis disorder 2B (PBD2B) [MIM:202370]. A peroxisome biogenesis disorder that includes neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (NALD) and infantile Refsum disease (IRD), two milder manifestations of the Zellweger disease spectrum. The clinical course of patients with the NALD and IRD presentation is variable and may include developmental delay, hypotonia, liver dysfunction, sensorineural hearing loss, retinal dystrophy and vision impairment. Children with the NALD presentation may reach their teens, while patients with the IRD presentation may reach adulthood. The clinical conditions are often slowly progressive in particular with respect to loss of hearing and vision. The biochemical abnormalities include accumulation of phytanic acid, very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA), di- and trihydroxycholestanoic acid and pipecolic acid.

Function

[PEX5_HUMAN] Binds to the C-terminal PTS1-type tripeptide peroxisomal targeting signal (SKL-type) and plays an essential role in peroxisomal protein import.^{[2] [3] [4]}

Evolutionary Conservation

Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.

References

1. ↑ Dodt G, Braverman N, Wong C, Moser A, Moser HW, Watkins P, Valle D, Gould SJ. Mutations in the PTS1 receptor gene, PXR1, define complementation group 2 of the peroxisome biogenesis disorders. Nat Genet. 1995 Feb;9(2):115-25. PMID:7719337 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng0295-115
2. ↑ Dodt G, Braverman N, Wong C, Moser A, Moser HW, Watkins P, Valle D, Gould SJ. Mutations in the PTS1 receptor gene, PXR1, define complementation group 2 of the peroxisome biogenesis disorders. Nat Genet. 1995 Feb;9(2):115-25. PMID:7719337 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng0295-115
3. ↑ Wiemer EA, Nuttley WM, Bertolaet BL, Li X, Francke U, Wheelock MJ, Anne UK, Johnson KR, Subramani S. Human peroxisomal targeting signal-1 receptor restores peroxisomal protein import in cells from patients with fatal peroxisomal disorders. J Cell Biol. 1995 Jul;130(1):51-65. PMID:7790377
4. ↑ Fransen M, Brees C, Baumgart E, Vanhooren JC, Baes M, Mannaerts GP, Van Veldhoven PP. Identification and characterization of the putative human peroxisomal C-terminal targeting signal import receptor. J Biol Chem. 1995 Mar 31;270(13):7731-6. PMID:7706321
5. ↑ Gatto GJ Jr, Geisbrecht BV, Gould SJ, Berg JM. Peroxisomal targeting signal-1 recognition by the TPR domains of human PEX5. Nat Struct Biol. 2000 Dec;7(12):1091-5. PMID:11101887 doi:10.1038/81930