2o39

Structural highlights

Disease

[MCP_HUMAN] Defects in CD46 are a cause of susceptibility to hemolytic uremic syndrome atypical type 2 (AHUS2) [MIM:612922]. An atypical form of hemolytic uremic syndrome. It is a complex genetic disease characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure and absence of episodes of enterocolitis and diarrhea. In contrast to typical hemolytic uremic syndrome, atypical forms have a poorer prognosis, with higher death rates and frequent progression to end-stage renal disease. Note=Susceptibility to the development of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome can be conferred by mutations in various components of or regulatory factors in the complement cascade system. Other genes may play a role in modifying the phenotype. Patients with CD46 mutations seem to have an overall better prognosis compared to patients carrying CFH mutations.^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]}

Function

[SPIKE_ADE1P] Forms spikes that protrude from each vertex of the icosahedral capsid. Interacts with host receptor CD46 to provide virion initial attachment to target cell. Fiber proteins are shed during virus entry, when virus is still at the cell surface. [MCP_HUMAN] Acts as a cofactor for complement factor I, a serine protease which protects autologous cells against complement-mediated injury by cleaving C3b and C4b deposited on host tissue. May be involved in the fusion of the spermatozoa with the oocyte during fertilization. Also acts as a costimulatory factor for T-cells which induces the differentiation of CD4+ into T-regulatory 1 cells. T-regulatory 1 cells suppress immune responses by secreting interleukin-10, and therefore are thought to prevent autoimmunity. A number of viral and bacterial pathogens seem to exploit this property and directly induce an immunosuppressive phenotype in T-cells by binding to CD46.^{[6] [7]}

Evolutionary Conservation

Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.

References

1. ↑ Noris M, Brioschi S, Caprioli J, Todeschini M, Bresin E, Porrati F, Gamba S, Remuzzi G. Familial haemolytic uraemic syndrome and an MCP mutation. Lancet. 2003 Nov 8;362(9395):1542-7. PMID:14615110 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14742-3
2. ↑ Richards A, Kemp EJ, Liszewski MK, Goodship JA, Lampe AK, Decorte R, Muslumanoglu MH, Kavukcu S, Filler G, Pirson Y, Wen LS, Atkinson JP, Goodship TH. Mutations in human complement regulator, membrane cofactor protein (CD46), predispose to development of familial hemolytic uremic syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Oct 28;100(22):12966-71. Epub 2003 Oct 17. PMID:14566051 doi:10.1073/pnas.2135497100
3. ↑ Caprioli J, Noris M, Brioschi S, Pianetti G, Castelletti F, Bettinaglio P, Mele C, Bresin E, Cassis L, Gamba S, Porrati F, Bucchioni S, Monteferrante G, Fang CJ, Liszewski MK, Kavanagh D, Atkinson JP, Remuzzi G. Genetics of HUS: the impact of MCP, CFH, and IF mutations on clinical presentation, response to treatment, and outcome. Blood. 2006 Aug 15;108(4):1267-79. Epub 2006 Apr 18. PMID:16621965 doi:10.1182/blood-2005-10-007252
4. ↑ Esparza-Gordillo J, Jorge EG, Garrido CA, Carreras L, Lopez-Trascasa M, Sanchez-Corral P, de Cordoba SR. Insights into hemolytic uremic syndrome: segregation of three independent predisposition factors in a large, multiple affected pedigree. Mol Immunol. 2006 Apr;43(11):1769-75. Epub 2006 Jan 18. PMID:16386793 doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2005.11.008
5. ↑ Maga TK, Nishimura CJ, Weaver AE, Frees KL, Smith RJ. Mutations in alternative pathway complement proteins in American patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Hum Mutat. 2010 Jun;31(6):E1445-60. doi: 10.1002/humu.21256. PMID:20513133 doi:10.1002/humu.21256
6. ↑ Astier A, Trescol-Biemont MC, Azocar O, Lamouille B, Rabourdin-Combe C. Cutting edge: CD46, a new costimulatory molecule for T cells, that induces p120CBL and LAT phosphorylation. J Immunol. 2000 Jun 15;164(12):6091-5. PMID:10843656
7. ↑ Kemper C, Chan AC, Green JM, Brett KA, Murphy KM, Atkinson JP. Activation of human CD4+ cells with CD3 and CD46 induces a T-regulatory cell 1 phenotype. Nature. 2003 Jan 23;421(6921):388-92. PMID:12540904 doi:10.1038/nature01315
8. ↑ Persson BD, Reiter DM, Marttila M, Mei YF, Casasnovas JM, Arnberg N, Stehle T. Adenovirus type 11 binding alters the conformation of its receptor CD46. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2007 Feb;14(2):164-6. Epub 2007 Jan 14. PMID:17220899 doi:10.1038/nsmb1190