Structural highlights
Disease
[RELN_MOUSE] Note=Defects in Reln are the cause of the autosomal recessive reeler (rl) phenotype which is characterized by impaired motor coordination, tremors and ataxia. Neurons in affected mice fail to reach their correct locations in the developing brain, disrupting the organization of the cerebellar and cerebral cortices and other laminated regions. [LRP8_HUMAN] Defects in LRP8 are a cause of myocardial infarction type 1 (MCI1) [MIM:608446]. A condition defined by the irreversible necrosis of heart muscle secondary to prolonged ischemia.
Function
[RELN_MOUSE] Extracellular matrix serine protease that plays a role in layering of neurons in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Regulates microtubule function in neurons and neuronal migration. Affects migration of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord, where it seems to act as a barrier to neuronal migration. Enzymatic activity is important for the modulation of cell adhesion. Binding to the extracellular domains of lipoprotein receptors VLDLR and LRP8/APOER2 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of DAB1 and modulation of TAU phosphorylation.[1] [LRP8_HUMAN] Cell surface receptor for Reelin (RELN) and apolipoprotein E (apoE)-containing ligands. LRP8 participates in transmitting the extracellular Reelin signal to intracellular signaling processes, by binding to DAB1 on its cytoplasmic tail. Reelin acts via both the VLDL receptor (VLDLR) and LRP8 to regulate DAB1 tyrosine phosphorylation and microtubule function in neurons. LRP8 has higher affinity for Reelin than VLDLR. LRP8 is thus a key component of the Reelin pathway which governs neuronal layering of the forebrain during embryonic brain development. Binds the endoplasmic reticulum resident receptor-associated protein (RAP). Binds dimers of beta 2-glycoprotein I and may be involved in the suppression of platelet aggregation in the vasculature. Highly expressed in the initial segment of the epididymis, where it affects the functional expression of clusterin and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx), two proteins required for sperm maturation. May also function as an endocytic receptor.[2] [3] [4]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2) and very-low-density lipoprotein receptor, members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) protein family, function as neuronal receptors for a secreted glycoprotein reelin during brain development. In both receptors, the first LDLR class A (LA1) module is sufficient to bind reelin. Analysis of a 2.6 A crystal structure of the reelin receptor-binding fragment in complex with the LA1 of ApoER2 revealed that Lys2467 of reelin is recognized by both a conserved Trp residue and calcium-coordinating acidic residues from LA1, which together with Lys2360 plays a critical role in the interaction. This "double-Lys" recognition mode is, in fact, shared among other LDLR family proteins in ligand binding. The interface between reelin and LA1 covers a small surface area of approximately 350 A(2) on each side, which ensures a stable complex formation under physiological conditions. An examination of structure-guided mutagenesis on interface residues revealed key features of this interaction.
Structural basis for specific recognition of reelin by its receptors.,Yasui N, Nogi T, Takagi J Structure. 2010 Mar 10;18(3):320-31. PMID:20223215[5]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Yip JW, Yip YP, Nakajima K, Capriotti C. Reelin controls position of autonomic neurons in the spinal cord. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jul 18;97(15):8612-6. PMID:10880573 doi:10.1073/pnas.150040497
- ↑ Andersen OM, Benhayon D, Curran T, Willnow TE. Differential binding of ligands to the apolipoprotein E receptor 2. Biochemistry. 2003 Aug 12;42(31):9355-64. PMID:12899622 doi:10.1021/bi034475p
- ↑ Li X, Kypreos K, Zanni EE, Zannis V. Domains of apoE required for binding to apoE receptor 2 and to phospholipids: implications for the functions of apoE in the brain. Biochemistry. 2003 Sep 9;42(35):10406-17. PMID:12950167 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi027093c
- ↑ Lutters BC, Derksen RH, Tekelenburg WL, Lenting PJ, Arnout J, de Groot PG. Dimers of beta 2-glycoprotein I increase platelet deposition to collagen via interaction with phospholipids and the apolipoprotein E receptor 2'. J Biol Chem. 2003 Sep 5;278(36):33831-8. Epub 2003 Jun 13. PMID:12807892 doi:10.1074/jbc.M212655200
- ↑ Yasui N, Nogi T, Takagi J. Structural basis for specific recognition of reelin by its receptors. Structure. 2010 Mar 10;18(3):320-31. PMID:20223215 doi:10.1016/j.str.2010.01.010
