| Structural highlights
Disease
[CSF1_MOUSE] Note=A defect in Csf1 is the cause of osteopetrosis. Osteopetrotic mice (op/op) are severely deficient in mature macrophages and osteoclasts, display failed tooth eruption, and have a restricted capacity for bone remodeling.[1]
Function
[CSF1_MOUSE] Cytokine that plays an essential role in the regulation of survival, proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells, especially mononuclear phagocytes, such as macrophages and monocytes. Promotes the release of proinflammatory chemokines, and thereby plays an important role in innate immunity and in inflammatory processes. Plays an important role in the regulation of osteoclast proliferation and differentiation, the regulation of bone resorption, and is required for normal bone development. Required for normal male and female fertility. Promotes reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, regulates formation of membrane ruffles, cell adhesion and cell migration. Plays a role in lipoprotein clearance. [CSF1R_MOUSE] Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for CSF1 and IL34 and plays an essential role in the regulation of survival, proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells, especially mononuclear phagocytes, such as macrophages and monocytes. Promotes the release of proinflammatory chemokines in response to IL34 and CSF1, and thereby plays an important role in innate immunity and in inflammatory processes. Plays an important role in the regulation of osteoclast proliferation and differentiation, the regulation of bone resorption, and is required for normal bone and tooth development. Required for normal male and female fertility, and for normal development of milk ducts and acinar structures in the mammary gland during pregnancy. Promotes reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, regulates formation of membrane ruffles, cell adhesion and cell migration, and promotes cancer cell invasion. Activates several signaling pathways in response to ligand binding. Phosphorylates PIK3R1, PLCG2, GRB2, SLA2 and CBL. Activation of PLCG2 leads to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, that then lead to the activation of protein kinase C family members, especially PRKCD. Phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, leads to activation of the AKT1 signaling pathway. Activated CSF1R also mediates activation of the MAP kinases MAPK1/ERK2 and/or MAPK3/ERK1, and of the SRC family kinases SRC, FYN and YES1. Activated CSF1R transmits signals both via proteins that directly interact with phosphorylated tyrosine residues in its intracellular domain, or via adapter proteins, such as GRB2. Promotes activation of STAT family members STAT3, STAT5A and/or STAT5B. Promotes tyrosine phosphorylation of SHC1 and INPP5D/SHIP-1. Receptor signaling is down-regulated by protein phosphatases, such as INPP5D/SHIP-1, that dephosphorylate the receptor and its downstream effectors, and by rapid internalization of the activated receptor.[2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), through binding to its receptor FMS, a class III receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), regulates the development and function of mononuclear phagocytes, and plays important roles in innate immunity, cancer and inflammation. We report a 2.4 A crystal structure of M-CSF bound to the first 3 domains (D1-D3) of FMS. The ligand binding mode of FMS is surprisingly different from KIT, another class III RTK, in which the major ligand-binding domain of FMS, D2, uses the CD and EF loops, but not the beta-sheet on the opposite side of the Ig domain as in KIT, to bind ligand. Calorimetric data indicate that M-CSF cannot dimerize FMS without receptor-receptor interactions mediated by FMS domains D4 and D5. Consistently, the structure contains only 1 FMS-D1-D3 molecule bound to a M-CSF dimer, due to a weak, hydrophilic M-CSF:FMS interface, and probably a conformational change of the M-CSF dimer in which binding to the second site is rendered unfavorable by FMS binding at the first site. The partial, intermediate complex suggests that FMS may be activated in two steps, with the initial engagement step distinct from the subsequent dimerization/activation step. Hence, the formation of signaling class III RTK complexes can be diverse, engaging various modes of ligand recognition and various mechanistic steps for dimerizing and activating receptors.
Structure of macrophage colony stimulating factor bound to FMS: diverse signaling assemblies of class III receptor tyrosine kinases.,Chen X, Liu H, Focia PJ, Shim AH, He X Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Nov 25;105(47):18267-72. Epub 2008 Nov 18. PMID:19017797[18]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Yoshida H, Hayashi S, Kunisada T, Ogawa M, Nishikawa S, Okamura H, Sudo T, Shultz LD, Nishikawa S. The murine mutation osteopetrosis is in the coding region of the macrophage colony stimulating factor gene. Nature. 1990 May 31;345(6274):442-4. PMID:2188141 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/345442a0
- ↑ van der Geer P, Hunter T. Tyrosine 706 and 807 phosphorylation site mutants in the murine colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor are unaffected in their ability to bind or phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase but show differential defects in their ability to induce early response gene transcription. Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Sep;11(9):4698-709. PMID:1652061
- ↑ van der Geer P, Hunter T. Mutation of Tyr697, a GRB2-binding site, and Tyr721, a PI 3-kinase binding site, abrogates signal transduction by the murine CSF-1 receptor expressed in Rat-2 fibroblasts. EMBO J. 1993 Dec 15;12(13):5161-72. PMID:8262059
- ↑ Myles GM, Brandt CS, Carlberg K, Rohrschneider LR. Tyrosine 569 in the c-Fms juxtamembrane domain is essential for kinase activity and macrophage colony-stimulating factor-dependent internalization. Mol Cell Biol. 1994 Jul;14(7):4843-54. PMID:8007983
- ↑ Bourette RP, Myles GM, Choi JL, Rohrschneider LR. Sequential activation of phoshatidylinositol 3-kinase and phospholipase C-gamma2 by the M-CSF receptor is necessary for differentiation signaling. EMBO J. 1997 Oct 1;16(19):5880-93. PMID:9312046 doi:10.1093/emboj/16.19.5880
- ↑ Lee AW, States DJ. Both src-dependent and -independent mechanisms mediate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulation of colony-stimulating factor 1-activated mitogen-activated protein kinases in myeloid progenitors. Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Sep;20(18):6779-98. PMID:10958675
- ↑ Dai XM, Ryan GR, Hapel AJ, Dominguez MG, Russell RG, Kapp S, Sylvestre V, Stanley ER. Targeted disruption of the mouse colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor gene results in osteopetrosis, mononuclear phagocyte deficiency, increased primitive progenitor cell frequencies, and reproductive defects. Blood. 2002 Jan 1;99(1):111-20. PMID:11756160
- ↑ Sakai H, Chen Y, Itokawa T, Yu KP, Zhu ML, Insogna K. Activated c-Fms recruits Vav and Rac during CSF-1-induced cytoskeletal remodeling and spreading in osteoclasts. Bone. 2006 Dec;39(6):1290-301. Epub 2006 Sep 1. PMID:16950670 doi:10.1016/j.bone.2006.06.012
- ↑ Pakuts B, Debonneville C, Liontos LM, Loreto MP, McGlade CJ. The Src-like adaptor protein 2 regulates colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor signaling and down-regulation. J Biol Chem. 2007 Jun 22;282(25):17953-63. Epub 2007 Mar 11. PMID:17353186 doi:10.1074/jbc.M701182200
- ↑ Takeshita S, Faccio R, Chappel J, Zheng L, Feng X, Weber JD, Teitelbaum SL, Ross FP. c-Fms tyrosine 559 is a major mediator of M-CSF-induced proliferation of primary macrophages. J Biol Chem. 2007 Jun 29;282(26):18980-90. Epub 2007 Apr 9. PMID:17420255 doi:10.1074/jbc.M610938200
- ↑ Faccio R, Takeshita S, Colaianni G, Chappel J, Zallone A, Teitelbaum SL, Ross FP. M-CSF regulates the cytoskeleton via recruitment of a multimeric signaling complex to c-Fms Tyr-559/697/721. J Biol Chem. 2007 Jun 29;282(26):18991-9. Epub 2007 Apr 9. PMID:17420256 doi:10.1074/jbc.M610937200
- ↑ Bourgin-Hierle C, Gobert-Gosse S, Therier J, Grasset MF, Mouchiroud G. Src-family kinases play an essential role in differentiation signaling downstream of macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptors mediating persistent phosphorylation of phospholipase C-gamma2 and MAP kinases ERK1 and ERK2. Leukemia. 2008 Jan;22(1):161-9. Epub 2007 Nov 1. PMID:17972959 doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2404986
- ↑ Hiraga T, Nakamura H. Imatinib mesylate suppresses bone metastases of breast cancer by inhibiting osteoclasts through the blockade of c-Fms signals. Int J Cancer. 2009 Jan 1;124(1):215-22. doi: 10.1002/ijc.23903. PMID:18814279 doi:10.1002/ijc.23903
- ↑ Paniagua RT, Chang A, Mariano MM, Stein EA, Wang Q, Lindstrom TM, Sharpe O, Roscow C, Ho PP, Lee DM, Robinson WH. c-Fms-mediated differentiation and priming of monocyte lineage cells play a central role in autoimmune arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2010;12(1):R32. doi: 10.1186/ar2940. Epub 2010 Feb 24. PMID:20181277 doi:10.1186/ar2940
- ↑ Wei S, Nandi S, Chitu V, Yeung YG, Yu W, Huang M, Williams LT, Lin H, Stanley ER. Functional overlap but differential expression of CSF-1 and IL-34 in their CSF-1 receptor-mediated regulation of myeloid cells. J Leukoc Biol. 2010 Sep;88(3):495-505. doi: 10.1189/jlb.1209822. Epub 2010 May, 26. PMID:20504948 doi:10.1189/jlb.1209822
- ↑ Lenzo JC, Turner AL, Cook AD, Vlahos R, Anderson GP, Reynolds EC, Hamilton JA. Control of macrophage lineage populations by CSF-1 receptor and GM-CSF in homeostasis and inflammation. Immunol Cell Biol. 2012 Apr;90(4):429-40. doi: 10.1038/icb.2011.58. Epub 2011 Jul, 5. PMID:21727904 doi:10.1038/icb.2011.58
- ↑ Sampaio NG, Yu W, Cox D, Wyckoff J, Condeelis J, Stanley ER, Pixley FJ. Phosphorylation of CSF-1R Y721 mediates its association with PI3K to regulate macrophage motility and enhancement of tumor cell invasion. J Cell Sci. 2011 Jun 15;124(Pt 12):2021-31. doi: 10.1242/jcs.075309. Epub 2011, May 24. PMID:21610095 doi:10.1242/jcs.075309
- ↑ Chen X, Liu H, Focia PJ, Shim AH, He X. Structure of macrophage colony stimulating factor bound to FMS: diverse signaling assemblies of class III receptor tyrosine kinases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Nov 25;105(47):18267-72. Epub 2008 Nov 18. PMID:19017797
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