3lkj
From Proteopedia
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==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
| + | *[[Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily|Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily]] | ||
*[[Tumor necrosis factor receptor|Tumor necrosis factor receptor]] | *[[Tumor necrosis factor receptor|Tumor necrosis factor receptor]] | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
Revision as of 06:54, 2 January 2019
Small Molecule Inhibition of the TNF Family Cyokine CD40 Ligand Through a Subunit Fracture Mechanism
Structural highlights
Disease[CD40L_HUMAN] Defects in CD40LG are the cause of X-linked immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM type 1 (HIGM1) [MIM:308230]; also known as X-linked hyper IgM syndrome (XHIM). HIGM1 is an immunoglobulin isotype switch defect characterized by elevated concentrations of serum IgM and decreased amounts of all other isotypes. Affected males present at an early age (usually within the first year of life) recurrent bacterial and opportunistic infections, including Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and intractable diarrhea due to cryptosporidium infection. Despite substitution treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, the overall prognosis is rather poor, with a death rate of about 10% before adolescence.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] Function[CD40L_HUMAN] Mediates B-cell proliferation in the absence of co-stimulus as well as IgE production in the presence of IL-4. Involved in immunoglobulin class switching.[11] Release of soluble CD40L from platelets is partially regulated by GP IIb/IIIa, actin polymerization, and an matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) inhibitor-sensitive pathway.[12] Publication Abstract from PubMedBIO8898 is one of several synthetic organic molecules that have recently been reported to inhibit receptor binding and function of the constitutively trimeric tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family cytokine CD40 ligand (CD40L, aka CD154). Small molecule inhibitors of protein-protein interfaces are relatively rare, and their discovery is often very challenging. Therefore, to understand how BIO8898 achieves this feat, we characterized its mechanism of action using biochemical assays and X-ray crystallography. BIO8898 inhibited soluble CD40L binding to CD40-Ig with a potency of IC(50) = 25 muM and inhibited CD40L-dependent apoptosis in a cellular assay. A co-crystal structure of BIO8898 with CD40L revealed that one inhibitor molecule binds per protein trimer. Surprisingly, the compound binds not at the surface of the protein but by intercalating deeply between two subunits of the homotrimeric cytokine, disrupting a constitutive protein-protein interface and breaking the protein's 3-fold symmetry. The compound forms several hydrogen bonds with the protein, within an otherwise hydrophobic binding pocket. In addition to the translational splitting of the trimer, binding of BIO8898 was accompanied by additional local and longer-range conformational perturbations of the protein, both in the core and in a surface loop. Binding of BIO8898 is reversible, and the resulting complex is stable and does not lead to detectable dissociation of the protein trimer. Our results suggest that a set of core aromatic residues that are conserved across a subset of TNF family cytokines might represent a generic hot-spot for the induced-fit binding of trimer-disrupting small molecules. Small Molecule Inhibition of the TNF Family Cytokine CD40 Ligand through a Subunit Fracture Mechanism.,Silvian LF, Friedman JE, Strauch K, Cachero TG, Day ES, Qian F, Cunningham B, Fung A, Sun L, Su L, Zheng Z, Kumaravel G, Whitty A ACS Chem Biol. 2011 Jun 17;6(6):636-47. Epub 2011 Apr 20. PMID:21417339[13] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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