| Structural highlights
Function
[GCR_MOUSE] Receptor for glucocorticoids (GC). Has a dual mode of action: as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE), both for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and as a modulator of other transcription factors. Affects inflammatory responses, cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Could act as a coactivator for STAT5-dependent transcription upon growth hormone (GH) stimulation and could reveal an essential role of hepatic GR in the control of body growth. Involved in chromatin remodeling. May play a negative role in adipogenesis through the regulation of lipolytic and antilipogenic genes expression.[1] [NCOA2_MOUSE] Transcriptional coactivator for steroid receptors and nuclear receptors. Coactivator of the steroid binding domain (AF-2) but not of the modulating N-terminal domain (AF-1). Required with NCOA1 to control energy balance between white and brown adipose tissues.[2] [3]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The human glucocorticoid receptor ligand-binding domain (hGR-LBD) is an important drug target for the treatment of various diseases. However, the low intrinsic stability and solubility of hGR-LBD have rendered its purification and biophysical characterization difficult. In order to overcome these problems, we have stabilized hGR-LBD by a combination of random mutagenesis and high-throughput screening using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) with enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) as folding reporter. Two plasmid-encoded gene libraries of hGR-LBD fused to the egfp gene were expressed in Escherichia coli, followed by eight rounds of FACS screening, in each of which 10(8) cells were analyzed. The hgr-lbd mutants isolated by this approach contained numerous amino acid exchanges, and four beneficial ones (A605V, V702A, E705G, and M752T) were followed up in detail. Their characterization showed that the fluorescence of hGR-LBD-eGFP fusions is correlated linearly with the stability and solubility of hGR-LBD in the absence of eGFP. When combined, the four exchanges increased the thermal stability of hGR-LBD by more than 8 degrees C and enhanced its purification yield after expression in E. coli by about 26-fold. The introduction of three beneficial exchanges into the homologous ligand-binding domain of mouse enabled its X-ray structure determination at high resolution, which showed how the exchanges stabilize the protein and revealed atomic details that will guide future drug design. Our results demonstrate that large eGFP fusion libraries can be screened by FACS with extreme sensitivity and efficiency, yielding stabilized eukaryotic proteins suitable for biophysical characterization and structure determination.
Enhancing the stability and solubility of the glucocorticoid receptor ligand-binding domain by high-throughput library screening.,Seitz T, Thoma R, Schoch GA, Stihle M, Benz J, D'Arcy B, Wiget A, Ruf A, Hennig M, Sterner R J Mol Biol. 2010 Nov 5;403(4):562-77. Epub 2010 Sep 17. PMID:20850457[4]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Hinds TD Jr, Stechschulte LA, Cash HA, Whisler D, Banerjee A, Yong W, Khuder SS, Kaw MK, Shou W, Najjar SM, Sanchez ER. Protein phosphatase 5 mediates lipid metabolism through reciprocal control of glucocorticoid receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma). J Biol Chem. 2011 Dec 16;286(50):42911-22. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.311662. Epub, 2011 Oct 12. PMID:21994940 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M111.311662
- ↑ Picard F, Gehin M, Annicotte J, Rocchi S, Champy MF, O'Malley BW, Chambon P, Auwerx J. SRC-1 and TIF2 control energy balance between white and brown adipose tissues. Cell. 2002 Dec 27;111(7):931-41. PMID:12507421
- ↑ Lee YH, Koh SS, Zhang X, Cheng X, Stallcup MR. Synergy among nuclear receptor coactivators: selective requirement for protein methyltransferase and acetyltransferase activities. Mol Cell Biol. 2002 Jun;22(11):3621-32. PMID:11997499
- ↑ Seitz T, Thoma R, Schoch GA, Stihle M, Benz J, D'Arcy B, Wiget A, Ruf A, Hennig M, Sterner R. Enhancing the stability and solubility of the glucocorticoid receptor ligand-binding domain by high-throughput library screening. J Mol Biol. 2010 Nov 5;403(4):562-77. Epub 2010 Sep 17. PMID:20850457 doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2010.08.048
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