| Structural highlights
4aa1 is a 2 chain structure with sequence from Drome and Homo sapiens. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
| | Ligands: | , , , |
| Related: | 2x94, 2x8z, 1j36, 2xhm, 2x8y, 2x91, 2x95, 2x97, 3zqz, 2x90, 1j38, 2x0b, 2wxw, 2x96, 2x92, 2x93, 1j37, 4aa2 |
| Activity: | Peptidyl-dipeptidase A, with EC number 3.4.15.1 |
| Resources: | FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT |
Disease
[ANGT_HUMAN] Genetic variations in AGT are a cause of susceptibility to essential hypertension (EHT) [MIM:145500]. Essential hypertension is a condition in which blood pressure is consistently higher than normal with no identifiable cause. Defects in AGT are a cause of renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD) [MIM:267430]. RTD is an autosomal recessive severe disorder of renal tubular development characterized by persistent fetal anuria and perinatal death, probably due to pulmonary hypoplasia from early-onset oligohydramnios (the Potter phenotype).[1]
Function
[ACE_DROME] May be involved in the specific maturation or degradation of a number of bioactive peptides. May play a role in the contractions of the heart, gut and testes, and in spermatid differentiation.[2] [ANGT_HUMAN] Essential component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), a potent regulator of blood pressure, body fluid and electrolyte homeostasis.[3] [4] [5] Angiotensin-2: acts directly on vascular smooth muscle as a potent vasoconstrictor, affects cardiac contractility and heart rate through its action on the sympathetic nervous system, and alters renal sodium and water absorption through its ability to stimulate the zona glomerulosa cells of the adrenal cortex to synthesize and secrete aldosterone.[6] [7] [8] Angiotensin-3: stimulates aldosterone release.[9] [10] [11] Angiotensin 1-7: is a ligand for the G-protein coupled receptor MAS1 (By similarity). Has vasodilator and antidiuretic effects (By similarity). Has an antithrombotic effect that involves MAS1-mediated release of nitric oxide from platelets (By similarity).[12] [13] [14]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Human somatic angiotensin-1 converting enzyme (ACE) is a zinc-dependent exopeptidase, that catalyses the conversion of the decapeptide angiotensin I to the octapeptide angiotensin II, by removing a C-terminal dipeptide. It is the principal component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system that regulates blood pressure. Hence it is an important therapeutic target for the treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular disorders. Here, we report the structures of an ACE homologue from Drosophila melanogaster (AnCE; a proven structural model for the more complex human ACE) co-crystallized with mammalian peptide substrates (bradykinin, Thr(6) -bradykinin, angiotensin I and a snake venom peptide inhibitor, bradykinin-potentiating peptide-b). The structures determined at 2-A resolution illustrate that both angiotensin II (the cleaved product of angiotensin I by AnCE) and bradykinin-potentiating peptide-b bind in an analogous fashion at the active site of AnCE, but also exhibit significant differences. In addition, the binding of Arg-Pro-Pro, the cleavage product of bradykinin and Thr(6) - bradykinin, provides additional detail of the general peptide binding in AnCE. Thus the new structures of AnCE complexes presented here improves our understanding of the binding of peptides and the mechanism by which peptides inhibit this family of enzymes. DATABASE: The atomic coordinates and structure factors for AnCE-Ang II (code 4AA1), AnCE-BPPb (code 4AA2), AnCE-BK (code 4ASQ) and AnCE-Thr6-BK (code 4ASR) complexes have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank, Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (http://www.rcsb.org/) STRUCTURED DIGITAL ABSTRACT: * AnCE cleaves Ang I by enzymatic study (View interaction) * Bradykinin and AnCE bind by x-ray crystallography (View interaction) * BPP and AnCE bind by x-ray crystallography (View interaction) * AnCE cleaves Bradykinin by enzymatic study (View interaction) * Ang II and AnCE bind by x-ray crystallography (View interaction).
Structural basis of peptide recognition by the angiotensin-1 converting enzyme homologue AnCE from Drosophila melanogaster.,Akif M, Masuyer G, Bingham RJ, Sturrock ED, Isaac RE, Acharya KR FEBS J. 2012 Oct 20. doi: 10.1111/febs.12038. PMID:23082758[15]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Gribouval O, Gonzales M, Neuhaus T, Aziza J, Bieth E, Laurent N, Bouton JM, Feuillet F, Makni S, Ben Amar H, Laube G, Delezoide AL, Bouvier R, Dijoud F, Ollagnon-Roman E, Roume J, Joubert M, Antignac C, Gubler MC. Mutations in genes in the renin-angiotensin system are associated with autosomal recessive renal tubular dysgenesis. Nat Genet. 2005 Sep;37(9):964-8. Epub 2005 Aug 14. PMID:16116425 doi:ng1623
- ↑ Hurst D, Rylett CM, Isaac RE, Shirras AD. The drosophila angiotensin-converting enzyme homologue Ance is required for spermiogenesis. Dev Biol. 2003 Feb 15;254(2):238-47. PMID:12591244
- ↑ Goodfriend TL, Peach MJ. Angiotensin III: (DES-Aspartic Acid-1)-Angiotensin II. Evidence and speculation for its role as an important agonist in the renin - angiotensin system. Circ Res. 1975 Jun;36(6 Suppl 1):38-48. PMID:1132082
- ↑ Weir MR, Dzau VJ. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: a specific target for hypertension management. Am J Hypertens. 1999 Dec;12(12 Pt 3):205S-213S. PMID:10619573
- ↑ Jankowski V, Vanholder R, van der Giet M, Tolle M, Karadogan S, Gobom J, Furkert J, Oksche A, Krause E, Tran TN, Tepel M, Schuchardt M, Schluter H, Wiedon A, Beyermann M, Bader M, Todiras M, Zidek W, Jankowski J. Mass-spectrometric identification of a novel angiotensin peptide in human plasma. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007 Feb;27(2):297-302. Epub 2006 Nov 30. PMID:17138938 doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000253889.09765.5f
- ↑ Goodfriend TL, Peach MJ. Angiotensin III: (DES-Aspartic Acid-1)-Angiotensin II. Evidence and speculation for its role as an important agonist in the renin - angiotensin system. Circ Res. 1975 Jun;36(6 Suppl 1):38-48. PMID:1132082
- ↑ Weir MR, Dzau VJ. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: a specific target for hypertension management. Am J Hypertens. 1999 Dec;12(12 Pt 3):205S-213S. PMID:10619573
- ↑ Jankowski V, Vanholder R, van der Giet M, Tolle M, Karadogan S, Gobom J, Furkert J, Oksche A, Krause E, Tran TN, Tepel M, Schuchardt M, Schluter H, Wiedon A, Beyermann M, Bader M, Todiras M, Zidek W, Jankowski J. Mass-spectrometric identification of a novel angiotensin peptide in human plasma. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007 Feb;27(2):297-302. Epub 2006 Nov 30. PMID:17138938 doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000253889.09765.5f
- ↑ Goodfriend TL, Peach MJ. Angiotensin III: (DES-Aspartic Acid-1)-Angiotensin II. Evidence and speculation for its role as an important agonist in the renin - angiotensin system. Circ Res. 1975 Jun;36(6 Suppl 1):38-48. PMID:1132082
- ↑ Weir MR, Dzau VJ. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: a specific target for hypertension management. Am J Hypertens. 1999 Dec;12(12 Pt 3):205S-213S. PMID:10619573
- ↑ Jankowski V, Vanholder R, van der Giet M, Tolle M, Karadogan S, Gobom J, Furkert J, Oksche A, Krause E, Tran TN, Tepel M, Schuchardt M, Schluter H, Wiedon A, Beyermann M, Bader M, Todiras M, Zidek W, Jankowski J. Mass-spectrometric identification of a novel angiotensin peptide in human plasma. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007 Feb;27(2):297-302. Epub 2006 Nov 30. PMID:17138938 doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000253889.09765.5f
- ↑ Goodfriend TL, Peach MJ. Angiotensin III: (DES-Aspartic Acid-1)-Angiotensin II. Evidence and speculation for its role as an important agonist in the renin - angiotensin system. Circ Res. 1975 Jun;36(6 Suppl 1):38-48. PMID:1132082
- ↑ Weir MR, Dzau VJ. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: a specific target for hypertension management. Am J Hypertens. 1999 Dec;12(12 Pt 3):205S-213S. PMID:10619573
- ↑ Jankowski V, Vanholder R, van der Giet M, Tolle M, Karadogan S, Gobom J, Furkert J, Oksche A, Krause E, Tran TN, Tepel M, Schuchardt M, Schluter H, Wiedon A, Beyermann M, Bader M, Todiras M, Zidek W, Jankowski J. Mass-spectrometric identification of a novel angiotensin peptide in human plasma. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007 Feb;27(2):297-302. Epub 2006 Nov 30. PMID:17138938 doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000253889.09765.5f
- ↑ Akif M, Masuyer G, Bingham RJ, Sturrock ED, Isaac RE, Acharya KR. Structural basis of peptide recognition by the angiotensin-1 converting enzyme homologue AnCE from Drosophila melanogaster. FEBS J. 2012 Oct 20. doi: 10.1111/febs.12038. PMID:23082758 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/febs.12038
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