Bacteriorhodopsin

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== Function ==
== Function ==
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'''Bacteriorhodopsin''' (Br) is a membrane protein in Archaea which moves protons across the cell membrane. See also [[Bacteriorhodopsin (Hebrew)]].
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'''Bacteriorhodopsin''' (Br) is a membrane protein in Archaea which moves protons across the cell membrane. See also [[Bacteriorhodopsin (Hebrew)]].<br />
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'''Halorhodopsin''' uses light energy to pump chloride through biological membranes in Haloarchaea<ref>PMID:19603754</ref>.<br />
 +
'''Sensory rhodopsin''' uses light energy to pump calcium ions through biological membranes. They are ubiquitous and use retinal as their chromophore<ref>PMID:17005405</ref>.<br />
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'''Xanthorhodopsin''' is a light-driven proton pump which uses the carotenoid salinixanthin as a second chromophore<ref>PMID:18515067</ref>.<br />
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'''Archaerhodopsin''' responds to yellow or green light by pumping protons out of cells and are used as optogenetic tools<ref>PMID:27524609</ref>.<br />
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'''Proteorhodopsins''' are the most abundant retinal-based photoreceptors. It is found in many marine bacteria<ref>PMID:24060527</ref>.<br />
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'''Deltarhodopsin''' is a light-driven proton pump found in the archaebacteria ''Halloterrigena turkmenica''<ref>PMID:23567447</ref>.<br />
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'''Xenorhodopsin''' is an enigmatic new class of microbial rhodopsins<ref>PMID:21985229</ref>.<br />
== Structural highlights ==
== Structural highlights ==
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</StructureSection>
</StructureSection>
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== 3D Structures of bacteriorhodopsin ==
 
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Updated on {{REVISIONDAY2}}-{{MONTHNAME|{{REVISIONMONTH}}}}-{{REVISIONYEAR}}
 
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{{#tree:id=OrganizedByTopic|openlevels=0|
 
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*Bacteriorhodopsin
 
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**[[1bct]] - HsBr residues 163-231 – ''Halobacterium salinarum'' - NMR<br />
 
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**[[1bha]], [[1bhb]] - HsBr residues 1-71 - NMR<br />
 
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**[[1l0m]]– Br (mutant) – ''Halobacterium halobium'' – NMR<br />
 
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**[[4pxk]] - Br (mutant) – ''Haloarcula marismortui''<br />
 
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**[[4qi1]], [[4qid]], [[5itc]], [[5ite]], [[5kkh]] – HwBr-I – ''Haloquadratum walsbyi''<br />
 
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**[[4wav]] – HwBr-I (mutant)<br />
 
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**[[5azd]] – Br – ''Thermus thermophilus''<br />
 
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*Bacteriorhodopsin complexes
 
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**[[2ntu]], [[1py6]], [[1fbb]], [[1fbk]], [[1brx]], [[1ap9]], [[1at9]], [[5br2]], [[5br5]] - HsBr + retinal <br />
 
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**[[1brd]] - HsBr + retinal – Cryo EM<br />
 
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**[[2wjk]], [[2wjl]], [[3vhz]], [[1s8l]], [[3t45]] - HsBr (mutant) + lipid + retinal<br />
 
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**[[3han]], [[2hao]], [[3hap]], [[3haq]], [[3har]], [[3has]], [[3coc]], [[3cod]], [[1tn5]], [[1tn0]], [[1s51]], [[1s52]], [[1s53]], [[1s54]], [[1q5i]], [[1q5j]], [[1pxr]], [[1pxs]], [[3hao]], [[3utv]], [[3utw]], [[3utx]], [[3uty]] - HsBr (mutant) + retinal<br />
 
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**[[4md1]], [[4md2]], [[4ov0]], [[5vn7]], [[5vn9]] - HsBr + lipid<br />
 
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**[[3ns0]], [[3nsb]], [[3mbv]], [[1x0s]], [[1x0i]], [[1x0k]], [[1xji]], [[1iw6]], [[4fpd]], [[2i1x]], [[1kme]], [[1qm8]], [[1bm1]], [[1brr]], [[2brd]], [[4hyx]], [[4xxj]], [[4y9h]], [[5a44]], [[5a45]], [[5b34]], [[5b35]], [[5b6v]], [[5b6w]], [[5b6x]], [[5b6y]], [[5b6z]], [[5h2h]], [[5h2i]], [[5h2j]], [[5h2k]], [[5h2l]], [[5h2m]], [[5h2n]], [[5h2o]], [[5h2p]], [[5j7a]], [[6g7h]], [[6g7i]], [[6g7j]], [[6g7k]], [[6g7l]], [[4x31]], [[4x32]], [[1c3w]], [[5zil]], [[5zim]], [[5zin]] – HsBr + lipid + retinal<br />
 
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**[[2at9]] - HsBr + lipid + retinal – Cryo EM<br />
 
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**[[1s8j]]- HsBr (mutant) + lipid + NO3 + retinal<br />
 
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**[[1mgy]] - HsBr (mutant) + lipid + Br + retinal<br />
 
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**[[1qhj]] - HsBr + phytanyl derivavative + retinal<br />
 
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**[[4hwl]] – HsBr + heptane + hexane + retinal<br />
 
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**[[4hwl]] – HsBr + decane + hexane + tetradecane + octane + retinal<br />
 
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**[[1r84]], [[1r2n]] - HsBr + retinal – NMR<br />
 
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**[[1f50]], [[1c8r]] - HsBr-BR (mutant) + lipid + retinal <br />
 
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**[[1m0k]], [[1m0l]], [[1ixf]], [[2zfe]]- HsBr-K + lipid + retinal<br />
 
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**[[1e0p]], [[2ntw]], [[1vjm]] - HsBr-L + retinal<br />
 
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**[[1ucq]], [[1iw9]], [[1o0a]] – HsBr-L + lipid + retinal<br />
 
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**[[1kg8]], [[1kg9]], [[1kgb]], [[1dze]], [[1cwq]], [[2zzl]], [[2i20]], [[2i21]], [[1p8h]], [[1m0m]] - HsBr-M + lipid + retinal<br />
 
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**[[1f4z]], [[1c8s]], [[1p8i]] - HsBr-M (mutant) + lipid + retinal<br />
 
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**[[1p8u]] – HsBr-N (mutant) + lipid + retinal<br />
 
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**[[1jv6]], [[1jv7]], [[3vi0]] - HsBr-O (mutant) + lipid + retinal<br />
 
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**[[1qko]], [[1qkp]] - HsBr + retinal<br />
 
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**[[5jsi]] – Br + lipid – ''Candidatus actinomarina''<br />
 
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**[[5uk6]] – Br + lipid – Nostoc - NMR<br />
 
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*Halorhodopsin
 
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**[[3abw]], [[3a7k]], [[3vvk]] – NpBr+ N3 + bacterioruberin + detergent + retinal – ''Natronomonas pharaonis''<br />
 
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**[[3qbg]], [[3qbi]], [[3qbk]], [[3qbl]], [[5etz]] - NpBr + bacterioruberin + detergent + retinal<br />
 
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**[[5b0w]] - NpBr + bacterioruberin + detergent + retinal + Ile<br />
 
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**[[4qry]] - NpBr + Br + detergent + retinal<br />
 
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**[[5ahy]], [[5ahz]], [[5g36]] - HsBr + detergent + retinal<br />
 
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**[[2jaf]], [[2jag]], [[1e12]] - HsBr (mutant) + lipid+ retinal<br />
 
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*Sensory rhodopsin II
 
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**[[2ksy]] – NpBr – NMR<BR />
 
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**[[2f93]], [[2f95]], [[1h2s]] - BpBr + Br transducer + detergent + retinal<br />
 
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**[[3qap]], [[3qdc]] - NpBr + eicosane + lipid + retinal<br />
 
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**[[4gyc]], [[5jje]], [[5jjf]], [[5jjj]], [[5jjn]] - NpBr + retinal + eicosane + lipid + Br transducer<br />
 
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**[[1gu8]], [[1gue]], [[1h68]], [[1jgj]] - NpBr + retinal<br />
 
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**[[1xio]] - AnBr + detergent + retinal - ''Anabaena''<br />
 
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**[[4tl3]] - AnBr (mutant) + detergent + retinal<br />
 
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**[[2m3g]] - AnBr + detergent - NMR<br />
 
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*Xanthorhodopsin
 
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**[[3ddl]] – Br + detergent + salinixanthin + retinal – ''Salinibacter ruber''
 
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*Archaerhodopsin
 
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**[[2ei4]], [[2z55]] – HaBr + bacterioruberin + detergent + retinal – ''Halobacterium''<br />
 
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**[[1vgo]] - HaBr + detergent + retinal<br />
 
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**[[1uaz]] - HaBr + retinal<br />
 
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*Blue-light absorbing proteorhodopsin
 
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**[[4kly]], [[4knf]] - GpPRn + retinal<br />
 
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**[[4jq6]] – PRn + retinal + lipid - uncultured bacteria<br />
 
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*Green-light absorbing proteorhodopsin
 
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**[[2l6x]] - GpPRn + detergents + retinal – ''Gamma proteobacterium''<br />
 
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**[[5abb]] – PRn residues 19-83 + protein translocase – Escherichia coli<br />
 
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*Deltarhodopsin
 
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**[[4fbz]] - Rn + bacterioruberin + retinal – ''Haloterrigena thermotolerans''<br />
 
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*Xenorhodopsin
 
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**[[6eyu]] - Rn + eicosane + lipid + retinal – ''Nanosalina''<br />
 
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}}
 
==See Also==
==See Also==
*[[Rhodopsin]]
*[[Rhodopsin]]
*[[G protein-coupled receptor]]
*[[G protein-coupled receptor]]
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== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 07:00, 1 April 2019

Bacteriorhodopsin complex with retinal, 3han

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See Also

References

  1. ↑ Joh NH, Oberai A, Yang D, Whitelegge JP, Bowie JU. Similar energetic contributions of packing in the core of membrane and water-soluble proteins. J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Aug 12;131(31):10846-7. PMID:19603754 doi:10.1021/ja904711k
  2. ↑ Spudich JL. The multitalented microbial sensory rhodopsins. Trends Microbiol. 2006 Nov;14(11):480-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2006.09.005. Epub, 2006 Sep 26. PMID:17005405 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2006.09.005
  3. ↑ Lanyi JK, Balashov SP. Xanthorhodopsin: a bacteriorhodopsin-like proton pump with a carotenoid antenna. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2008 Jul-Aug;1777(7-8):684-8. doi:, 10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.05.005. Epub 2008 May 16. PMID:18515067 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.05.005
  4. ↑ El-Gaby M, Zhang Y, Wolf K, Schwiening CJ, Paulsen O, Shipton OA. Archaerhodopsin Selectively and Reversibly Silences Synaptic Transmission through Altered pH. Cell Rep. 2016 Aug 23;16(8):2259-2268. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.057. Epub, 2016 Aug 11. PMID:27524609 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.057
  5. ↑ Bamann C, Bamberg E, Wachtveitl J, Glaubitz C. Proteorhodopsin. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 May;1837(5):614-25. doi: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.09.010., Epub 2013 Sep 20. PMID:24060527 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.09.010
  6. ↑ Hara KY, Wada T, Kino K, Asahi T, Sawamura N. Construction of photoenergetic mitochondria in cultured mammalian cells. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1635. doi: 10.1038/srep01635. PMID:23567447 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep01635
  7. ↑ Ugalde JA, Podell S, Narasingarao P, Allen EE. Xenorhodopsins, an enigmatic new class of microbial rhodopsins horizontally transferred between archaea and bacteria. Biol Direct. 2011 Oct 10;6:52. doi: 10.1186/1745-6150-6-52. PMID:21985229 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1745-6150-6-52
  8. ↑ Joh NH, Oberai A, Yang D, Whitelegge JP, Bowie JU. Similar energetic contributions of packing in the core of membrane and water-soluble proteins. J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Aug 12;131(31):10846-7. PMID:19603754 doi:10.1021/ja904711k
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