| Structural highlights
Function
[CXCL7_HUMAN] LA-PF4 stimulates DNA synthesis, mitosis, glycolysis, intracellular cAMP accumulation, prostaglandin E2 secretion, and synthesis of hyaluronic acid and sulfated glycosaminoglycan. It also stimulates the formation and secretion of plasminogen activator by human synovial cells. NAP-2 is a ligand for CXCR1 and CXCR2, and NAP-2, NAP-2(73), NAP-2(74), NAP-2(1-66), and most potent NAP-2(1-63) are chemoattractants and activators for neutrophils. TC-1 and TC-2 are antibacterial proteins, in vitro released from activated platelet alpha-granules. CTAP-III(1-81) is more potent than CTAP-III desensitize chemokine-induced neutrophil activation.[1] [2] [3] [4]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Neutrophil-activating peptide-2 (NAP-2) is a 70-residue carboxyl-terminal fragment of platelet basic protein, which is found in the alpha-granules of human platelets. NAP-2, which belongs to the CXC family of chemokines that includes interleukin-8 and platelet factor 4, binds to the interleukin-8 type II receptor and induces a rise in cytosolic calcium, chemotaxis of neutrophils, and exocytosis. Crystals of recombinant NAP-2 in which the single methionine at position 6 was replaced by leucine to facilitate expression belong to space group P1 (unit cell parameters a = 40.8, b = 43.8, and c = 44.7 A and alpha = 98.4 degrees, beta = 120.3 degrees, and gamma = 92.8 degrees), with 4 molecules of NAP-2 (Mr = 7600) in the asymmetric unit. The molecular replacement solution calculated with bovine platelet factor 4 as the starting model was refined using rigid body refinement, manual fitting in solvent-leveled electron density maps, simulated annealing, and restrained least squares to an R-factor of 0.188 for 2 sigma data between 7.0- and 1.9-A resolution. The final refined crystal structure includes 265 solvent molecules. The overall tertiary structure, which is similar to that of platelet factor 4 and interleukin-8, includes an extended amino-terminal loop, three strands of antiparallel beta-sheet arranged in a Greek key fold, and one alpha-helix at the carboxyl terminus. The Glu-Leu-Arg sequence that is critical for receptor binding is fully defined by electron density and exhibits multiple conformations.
The crystal structure of recombinant human neutrophil-activating peptide-2 (M6L) at 1.9-A resolution.,Malkowski MG, Wu JY, Lazar JB, Johnson PH, Edwards BF J Biol Chem. 1995 Mar 31;270(13):7077-87. PMID:7706245[5]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Krijgsveld J, Zaat SA, Meeldijk J, van Veelen PA, Fang G, Poolman B, Brandt E, Ehlert JE, Kuijpers AJ, Engbers GH, Feijen J, Dankert J. Thrombocidins, microbicidal proteins from human blood platelets, are C-terminal deletion products of CXC chemokines. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jul 7;275(27):20374-81. PMID:10877842
- ↑ Piccardoni P, Evangelista V, Piccoli A, de Gaetano G, Walz A, Cerletti C. Thrombin-activated human platelets release two NAP-2 variants that stimulate polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Thromb Haemost. 1996 Nov;76(5):780-5. PMID:8950790
- ↑ Ehlert JE, Petersen F, Kubbutat MH, Gerdes J, Flad HD, Brandt E. Limited and defined truncation at the C terminus enhances receptor binding and degranulation activity of the neutrophil-activating peptide 2 (NAP-2). Comparison of native and recombinant NAP-2 variants. J Biol Chem. 1995 Mar 17;270(11):6338-44. PMID:7890771
- ↑ Ehlert JE, Gerdes J, Flad HD, Brandt E. Novel C-terminally truncated isoforms of the CXC chemokine beta-thromboglobulin and their impact on neutrophil functions. J Immunol. 1998 Nov 1;161(9):4975-82. PMID:9794434
- ↑ Malkowski MG, Wu JY, Lazar JB, Johnson PH, Edwards BF. The crystal structure of recombinant human neutrophil-activating peptide-2 (M6L) at 1.9-A resolution. J Biol Chem. 1995 Mar 31;270(13):7077-87. PMID:7706245
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