Structural highlights
Disease
[PTHY_HUMAN] Defects in PTH are a cause of familial isolated hypoparathyroidism (FIH) [MIM:146200]; also called autosomal dominant hypoparathyroidism or autosomal dominant hypocalcemia. FIH is characterized by hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia due to inadequate secretion of parathyroid hormone. Symptoms are seizures, tetany and cramps. FIH exist both as autosomal dominant and recessive forms of hypoparathyroidism.[1] [2] [3]
Function
[PTHY_HUMAN] PTH elevates calcium level by dissolving the salts in bone and preventing their renal excretion. Stimulates [1-14C]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblastic cells.[4]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Parathyroid hormone-related protein plays a major role in the pathogenesis of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. Under normal physiological conditions, parathyroid hormone-related protein is produced in a wide variety of tissues and acts in an autocrine or paracrine fashion. Parathyroid hormone-related protein and parathyroid hormone bind to and activate the same G-protein-coupled receptor. Here we present the structure of the biologically active NH2-terminal domain of human parathyroid hormone-related protein(1-34) in near-physiological solution in the absence of crowding reagents as determined by two-dimensional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. An improved strategy for structure calculation revealed the presence of two helices, His-5-Leu-8 and Gln-16-Leu-27, connected by a flexible linker. The parathyroid hormone-related protein(1-34) structure and the structure of human parathyroid hormone(1-37) as well as human parathyroid hormone(1-34) are highly similar, except for the well defined turn, His-14-Ser-17, present in parathyroid hormone. Thus, the similarity of the binding affinities of parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related protein to their common receptor may be based on their structural similarity.
The structure of human parathyroid hormone-related protein(1-34) in near-physiological solution.,Weidler M, Marx UC, Seidel G, Schafer W, Hoffmann E, Esswein A, Rosch P FEBS Lett. 1999 Feb 12;444(2-3):239-44. PMID:10050767[5]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Arnold A, Horst SA, Gardella TJ, Baba H, Levine MA, Kronenberg HM. Mutation of the signal peptide-encoding region of the preproparathyroid hormone gene in familial isolated hypoparathyroidism. J Clin Invest. 1990 Oct;86(4):1084-7. PMID:2212001 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI114811
- ↑ Sunthornthepvarakul T, Churesigaew S, Ngowngarmratana S. A novel mutation of the signal peptide of the preproparathyroid hormone gene associated with autosomal recessive familial isolated hypoparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Oct;84(10):3792-6. PMID:10523031
- ↑ Datta R, Waheed A, Shah GN, Sly WS. Signal sequence mutation in autosomal dominant form of hypoparathyroidism induces apoptosis that is corrected by a chemical chaperone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Dec 11;104(50):19989-94. Epub 2007 Dec 3. PMID:18056632 doi:10.1073/pnas.0708725104
- ↑ Zoidis E, Ghirlanda-Keller C, Schmid C. Stimulation of glucose transport in osteoblastic cells by parathyroid hormone and insulin-like growth factor I. Mol Cell Biochem. 2011 Feb;348(1-2):33-42. doi: 10.1007/s11010-010-0634-z. Epub, 2010 Nov 13. PMID:21076856 doi:10.1007/s11010-010-0634-z
- ↑ Weidler M, Marx UC, Seidel G, Schafer W, Hoffmann E, Esswein A, Rosch P. The structure of human parathyroid hormone-related protein(1-34) in near-physiological solution. FEBS Lett. 1999 Feb 12;444(2-3):239-44. PMID:10050767
