| Structural highlights
Function
[KGX11_CENNO] Blocks human and rat Kv11.1/KCNH2/ERG1 and Kv11.3/KCNH7/ERG3, as well as rat (but not human) Kv11.2/KCNH6/ERG2 (PubMed:11755529, PubMed:11864985, PubMed:16497878, PubMed:17369411, PubMed:20600425) by binding to channel outer vestibule (S5P domain) with a 1:1 stoichiometry (PubMed:11755529, PubMed:11864985, PubMed:17369411, PubMed:20600425). Inhibition data are the following: hERG1 (reversible, IC(50)~7 nM) (PubMed:11755529, PubMed:11864985, PubMed:16497878, PubMed:17369411, PubMed:20600425), rERG1 (reversible, Kd=6.8 nM) (PubMed:16497878), rERG2 (irreversible, Kd=2.8 nM) (PubMed:16497878), hERG3 (irreversible, Kd=4.05 nM) (PubMed:16497878) and rERG3 (reversible, Kd=38.1 nM) (PubMed:16497878) potassium channels. The toxin potency is not affected by elevating potassium ion concentration from 2 to 98 mM (PubMed:11864985). This toxin only blocks channels in a closed state (PubMed:12860380). At high toxin concentrations, block of Kv11.1/KCNH2/ERG1 macroscopic current is incomplete (93.5%). This suggests a kinetic mechanism model with two different states of toxin-channel binding (T+C=TC*=TC; in the TC* state, the toxin binds the channel but does not occlude the pore, whereas in the TC state the toxin binds and occludes the pore). In this model, incomplete block is explained by the relatively fast dissociation rate from the blocked channel conformation (TC) relative to the rate of conversion of the toxin-channel encounter complex (TC*) to the blocked channel conformation (TC) (PubMed:17369411).[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The gamma-KTx-type scorpion toxins specific for K+ channels were found to interact with ERG channels on the turret region, while alpha-KTx3.2 Agitoxin-2 binds to the pore region of the Shaker K+ channel, and alpha-KTx5.3 BmP05 binds to the intermediate region of the small-conductance calcium-activated K-channel (SK(Ca)). In order to explore the critical residues for gamma-KTx binding, we determined the NMR structure of native gamma-KTx1.1 (CnErg1), a 42 amino acid residues scorpion toxin isolated from the venom of the Mexican scorpion Centruroides noxius Hoffmann, and we used computational evolutionary trace (ET) analysis to predict possible structural and functional features of interacting surfaces. The 1H-NMR three-dimensional solution structure of native ergtoxin (CnErg1) was solved using a total of 452 distance constraints, 13 3J(NH-Halpha) and 10 hydrogen bonds. The structure is characterized by 2 segments of alpha-helices and a triple-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet stabilized by 4 disulfide bridges. The ET and structural analysis provided indication of the presence of two important amino acid residue clusters, one hydrophobic and the other hydrophilic, that should be involved in the surface contact between the toxin and the channel. Some features of the proposed interacting surface are discussed.
Exploring structural features of the interaction between the scorpion toxinCnErg1 and ERG K+ channels.,Frenal K, Xu CQ, Wolff N, Wecker K, Gurrola GB, Zhu SY, Chi CW, Possani LD, Tytgat J, Delepierre M Proteins. 2004 Aug 1;56(2):367-75. PMID:15211519[8]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Gurrola GB, Rosati B, Rocchetti M, Pimienta G, Zaza A, Arcangeli A, Olivotto M, Possani LD, Wanke E. A toxin to nervous, cardiac, and endocrine ERG K+ channels isolated from Centruroides noxius scorpion venom. FASEB J. 1999 May;13(8):953-62. PMID:10224238
- ↑ Pardo-Lopez L, Garcia-Valdes J, Gurrola GB, Robertson GA, Possani LD. Mapping the receptor site for ergtoxin, a specific blocker of ERG channels. FEBS Lett. 2002 Jan 2;510(1-2):45-9. PMID:11755529
- ↑ Pardo-Lopez L, Zhang M, Liu J, Jiang M, Possani LD, Tseng GN. Mapping the binding site of a human ether-a-go-go-related gene-specific peptide toxin (ErgTx) to the channel's outer vestibule. J Biol Chem. 2002 May 10;277(19):16403-11. Epub 2002 Feb 25. PMID:11864985 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M200460200
- ↑ Milnes JT, Dempsey CE, Ridley JM, Crociani O, Arcangeli A, Hancox JC, Witchel HJ. Preferential closed channel blockade of HERG potassium currents by chemically synthesised BeKm-1 scorpion toxin. FEBS Lett. 2003 Jul 17;547(1-3):20-6. PMID:12860380
- ↑ Restano-Cassulini R, Korolkova YV, Diochot S, Gurrola G, Guasti L, Possani LD, Lazdunski M, Grishin EV, Arcangeli A, Wanke E. Species diversity and peptide toxins blocking selectivity of ether-a-go-go-related gene subfamily K+ channels in the central nervous system. Mol Pharmacol. 2006 May;69(5):1673-83. Epub 2006 Feb 23. PMID:16497878 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/mol.105.019729
- ↑ Hill AP, Sunde M, Campbell TJ, Vandenberg JI. Mechanism of block of the hERG K+ channel by the scorpion toxin CnErg1. Biophys J. 2007 Jun 1;92(11):3915-29. Epub 2007 Mar 16. PMID:17369411 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.106.101956
- ↑ Jimenez-Vargas JM, Restano-Cassulini R, Quintero-Hernandez V, Gurrola GB, Possani LD. Recombinant expression of the toxic peptide ErgTx1 and role of Met35 on its stability and function. Peptides. 2011 Mar;32(3):560-7. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.06.018. Epub 2010, Jun 30. PMID:20600425 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2010.06.018
- ↑ Frenal K, Xu CQ, Wolff N, Wecker K, Gurrola GB, Zhu SY, Chi CW, Possani LD, Tytgat J, Delepierre M. Exploring structural features of the interaction between the scorpion toxinCnErg1 and ERG K+ channels. Proteins. 2004 Aug 1;56(2):367-75. PMID:15211519 doi:10.1002/prot.20102
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