Endonuclease

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'''Endonuclease''' (ENN) cleaves phosphodiester bond within polynucleotide chain. ENN cleaves DNA at a restriction site which is usually a 6-nucleotide palindrome. ENN is restriction site–specific. Various types of ENN differ by their mechanism of action. ENN is used in genetic engineering to make recombinant DNA. ENN requires a restriction site and a cleavage pattern. '''ENN-I''' operates on DNA with separate restriction site and cleavage pattern, while '''ENN-II''' operates on overlapping restriction site and cleavage pattern. Some ENNs are encoded within introns thus facilitating their mobility. These ENNs or inteins are designated I-ENN<ref>PMID:12483517</ref>.<br />
'''Endonuclease''' (ENN) cleaves phosphodiester bond within polynucleotide chain. ENN cleaves DNA at a restriction site which is usually a 6-nucleotide palindrome. ENN is restriction site–specific. Various types of ENN differ by their mechanism of action. ENN is used in genetic engineering to make recombinant DNA. ENN requires a restriction site and a cleavage pattern. '''ENN-I''' operates on DNA with separate restriction site and cleavage pattern, while '''ENN-II''' operates on overlapping restriction site and cleavage pattern. Some ENNs are encoded within introns thus facilitating their mobility. These ENNs or inteins are designated I-ENN<ref>PMID:12483517</ref>.<br />
The '''Cas ENN''' proteins are part of '''CRISPR/Cas''' prokaryotic immune system which confers protection from foreign genetic elements like viruses. The '''CRISPR''' ('''C'''lustered '''R'''egularly '''I'''nterspersed '''S'''hort '''P'''alindromic '''R'''epeats) are DNA loci which are found in ca. 40% of the bacteria. The CRISPR/Cas system is being used lately as gene editing tool<ref>PMID:20056882</ref>. For more details see<br />
The '''Cas ENN''' proteins are part of '''CRISPR/Cas''' prokaryotic immune system which confers protection from foreign genetic elements like viruses. The '''CRISPR''' ('''C'''lustered '''R'''egularly '''I'''nterspersed '''S'''hort '''P'''alindromic '''R'''epeats) are DNA loci which are found in ca. 40% of the bacteria. The CRISPR/Cas system is being used lately as gene editing tool<ref>PMID:20056882</ref>. For more details see<br />
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* [[CRISPR-Cas]]<br />
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*CRISPR type I-A (Cascade) - see [[CRISPR subtype I-A]]
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* [[CRISPR-Cas Part II]]<br />
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*CRISPR type I-B (Cascade) - see [[CRISPR subtype I-B]]
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* [[Cas9]]<br />
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*CRISPR type I-C (Cascade) - see [[CRISPR subtype I-C]]
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* [[CRISPR-Cas9]]<br />
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*CRISPR type I-E (Cascade) - see [[CRISPR type I-E (Cascade)|CRISPR subtype I-E]]
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* [[CRISPR type I-E (Cascade)]]<br />
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*(CRISPR type I-F (Csy1, Csy2, Csy3) - see [[CRISPR subtype I-F]]
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* [[CRISPR type V]]<br />
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*CRISPR type III-A (Csm complex) - see [[CRISPR subtype III-A (Csm complex)]]
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* [[CRISPR subtype I-A]]<br />
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*CRISPR type II-A - see [[CRISPR-Cas9]]
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* [[CRISPR subtype I-B]]<br />
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*CRISPR type V (Cpf1, C2c1, C2c3) - see [[CRISPR type V]]
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* [[CRISPR subtype I-C]]<br />
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*CRISPR type VI (Cas13a (previously known as C2c2), Cas13b, Cas13c, Cas13d) - see [[CRISPR type VI]]
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* [[CRISPR subtype I-F]]<br />
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* [[CRISPR subtype III-A (Csm complex)]]<br />
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* [[CRISPR subtype III-B (Cmr complex)]]<br />
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* [[CRISPR subtype V (Cpf1)]]<br />
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* [[CRISPR type VI]]<br />
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'''Intron-encoded ENN''' or '''homing ENN''' are encoded by genes with mobile, self-splicing introns. They promote the movement of DNA sequences from one chromosome location to another<ref>PMID:9665136</ref>. <br />
'''Intron-encoded ENN''' or '''homing ENN''' are encoded by genes with mobile, self-splicing introns. They promote the movement of DNA sequences from one chromosome location to another<ref>PMID:9665136</ref>. <br />

Revision as of 09:35, 5 December 2019

E. coli EcoRV endonuclease dimer (magenta, green) complex with DNA, (PDB code 1rva)

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References

  1. ↑ Nishino T, Morikawa K. Structure and function of nucleases in DNA repair: shape, grip and blade of the DNA scissors. Oncogene. 2002 Dec 16;21(58):9022-32. PMID:12483517 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1206135
  2. ↑ Horvath P, Barrangou R. CRISPR/Cas, the immune system of bacteria and archaea. Science. 2010 Jan 8;327(5962):167-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1179555. PMID:20056882 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1179555
  3. ↑ Flick KE, Jurica MS, Monnat RJ Jr, Stoddard BL. DNA binding and cleavage by the nuclear intron-encoded homing endonuclease I-PpoI. Nature. 1998 Jul 2;394(6688):96-101. PMID:9665136 doi:10.1038/27952

Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)

Michal Harel, Alexander Berchansky, Joel L. Sussman

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