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Generalities

The ASP protein is a serine protease of the subtilisin family and it will cut peptide bonds after specific amino acids.

Secondary structure

Domains

The ASP protein contains an N-terminal region that forms the subtilisin domain and a C-terminal region that forms the P-domain. The subtilisin domain is composed of ten helices and twelve chains. The structure of the P-domain is a jelly roll-like fold with eight beta-strands.

The structure contains calcium ions.

Active site

The catalytic triad of ASP is composed of Asp78, His115 and Ser336. These amino acids are the base is the active site of the protein, where the mode of action of the serine protease takes place.

A peptide can be inserted in the space of the active site. There, the amino acids of the catalytic triad will interact together and the mechanism will lead to a cut in the polypeptide.

The mechanism is the following :

- The histidine will react with the Serine and deprotonate it. - The deprotonate hydroxyle group of the serine will act as a nucleophilic species and attack the carbon from the carbonyle function on the peptide. - This will lead to the formation of a tetrahedral intermediate - The regeneration of the active site will be done with the release of the peptide cut in two parts.

Disease

Relevance

Structural highlights

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