Structural highlights
Function
[POLG_HRV14] Capsid proteins VP1, VP2, VP3 and VP4 form a closed capsid enclosing the viral positive strand RNA genome. VP4 lies on the inner surface of the protein shell formed by VP1, VP2 and VP3. All the three latter proteins contain a beta-sheet structure called beta-barrel jelly roll. Together they form an icosahedral capsid (T=3) composed of 60 copies of each VP1, VP2, and VP3, with a diameter of approximately 300 Angstroms. VP1 is situated at the 12 fivefold axes, whereas VP2 and VP3 are located at the quasi-sixfold axes (By similarity). The capsid interacts with human ICAM1 to provide virion attachment to target cell. This attachment induces virion internalization predominantly through clathrin- and caveolin-independent endocytosis. VP0 precursor is a component of immature procapsids (By similarity). Protein 2A is a cysteine protease that is responsible for the cleavage between the P1 and P2 regions. It cleaves the host translation initiation factor EIF4G1, in order to shut down the capped cellular mRNA transcription (By similarity). Protein 2B affects membrane integrity and cause an increase in membrane permeability (By similarity). Protein 2C associates with and induces structural rearrangements of intracellular membranes. It displays RNA-binding, nucleotide binding and NTPase activities (By similarity). Protein 3A, via its hydrophobic domain, serves as membrane anchor (By similarity). Protein 3C is a cysteine protease that generates mature viral proteins from the precursor polyprotein. In addition to its proteolytic activity, it binds to viral RNA, and thus influences viral genome replication. RNA and substrate bind co-operatively to the protease (By similarity). RNA-directed RNA polymerase 3D-POL replicates genomic and antigenomic RNA by recognizing replications specific signals (By similarity).
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
A series of antipicornaviral agents containing piperazinyl moieties was synthesized with the objective of obtaining a compound with a broad spectrum of antirhinovirus activity, high potency (< or = 0.003 microgram/ml), and low cytotoxicity (> or = 30 micrograms/ml). Five compounds of this series were evaluated in detail for efficacy against various HRV serotypes. The agent SDZ 880-061, containing the benzothiazine moiety SDZ 108-075, which is particularly active against HRV14, and the thiazolyl acetic acid ester group of SDZ 89-124, which is potent against HRV1B, indeed has a relatively broad antiviral spectrum. SDZ 880-061 inhibited 85% of 89 HRV serotypes tested at a concentration of < or = 3 micrograms/ml. The 3.0 A resolution X-ray structure of SDZ 880-061 bound to HRV14 has revealed the binding characteristics of this potent compound. It binds in the same pocket as other capsid-binding antiviral agents characterized to date, leaving the innermost portion of the pocket vacant. The binding causes similar, although less extensive, alterations of the HRV14 VP1 backbone conformation (residues 100 to 110, 151 to 159, and 213 to 224) compared to other antiviral agents analyzed structurally. Although the contacts between SDZ 880-061 and HRV14 are mostly of hydrophobic character, the inhibitor has three relatively short polar interactions with residues of VP1 that represent potential hydrogen bonds. The amount of solvent-accessible surface area of SDZ 880-061 buried in the complex (613 A2) is within the range of that observed in protein-protein interfaces. The observed influence of time of addition or removal of SDZ 880-061 on virus yield and on the infectious-center formation indicates that the compound primarily interferes with HRV14 cellular attachment. Since it is assumed that uncoating requires virion instability and/or flexibility, the finding that SDZ 880-061 has only a marginal effect on uncoating may be due to the fact that it does not completely fill the hydrophobic pocket.
Synthesis and activity of piperazine-containing antirhinoviral agents and crystal structure of SDZ 880-061 bound to human rhinovirus 14.,Oren DA, Zhang A, Nesvadba H, Rosenwirth B, Arnold E J Mol Biol. 1996 May 31;259(1):120-34. PMID:8648640[1]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Oren DA, Zhang A, Nesvadba H, Rosenwirth B, Arnold E. Synthesis and activity of piperazine-containing antirhinoviral agents and crystal structure of SDZ 880-061 bound to human rhinovirus 14. J Mol Biol. 1996 May 31;259(1):120-34. PMID:8648640 doi:10.1006/jmbi.1996.0307
