Structural highlights
Function
[SRC_CHICK] Non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase which is activated following engagement of many different classes of cellular receptors including immune response receptors, integrins and other adhesion receptors, receptor protein tyrosine kinases, G protein-coupled receptors as well as cytokine receptors. Participates in signaling pathways that control a diverse spectrum of biological activities including gene transcription, immune response, cell adhesion, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, migration, and transformation. Due to functional redundancy between members of the SRC kinase family, identification of the specific role of each SRC kinase is very difficult. SRC appears to be one of the primary kinases activated following engagement of receptors and plays a role in the activation of other protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) families. Receptor clustering or dimerization leads to recruitment of SRC to the receptor complexes where it phosphorylates the tyrosine residues within the receptor cytoplasmic domains. Plays an important role in the regulation of cytoskeletal organization through phosphorylation of specific substrates involved in this process. When cells adhere via focal adhesions to the extra-cellular matrix, signals are transmitted by integrins into the cell and result in tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of focal adhesion proteins, including PTK2/FAK1 and paxillin (PXN). Also active at the sites of cell-cell contact adherens junctions and at gap junctions. Implicated in the regulation of pre-mRNA-processing. Might be involved not only in mediating the transduction of mitogenic signals at the level of the plasma membrane but also in controlling progression through the cell cycle via interaction with regulatory proteins in the nucleus.[1] [2]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The Src protein tyrosine kinase plays a critical role in a variety of signal transduction pathways. Strict regulation of its activity is necessary for proper signalling. We present here the crystal structure of chicken Src which is phosphorylated at Tyr527 and represents its least active form. Our structure, similar to the recently reported human Hck and Src structures, contains the SH3, SH2 and the kinase domains and the C-terminal regulatory tail but not the N-terminal unique domain. The SH3 domain uses its hydrophobic surface to coordinate the SH2-kinase linker such that residues Gln251 and Leu255 specifically interact with side chains in the beta2-beta3 and the alphaC-beta4 loops of the N-terminal lobe opposite of the kinase active site. This position of the SH3 domain and the coordination of the SH2-kinase linker also optimally places the SH2 domain such that the phosphorylated Tyr527 in the C-terminal tail interacts with the SH2 binding pocket. Analogous to Cdk2 kinase, the position of the Src alphaC-helix in the N-terminal lobe is swung out disrupting the position of the active site residues. Superposition of other protein kinases including human Hck and Src onto chicken Src indicate that the alphaC-helix position is affected by the relative position of the N-terminal lobe with respect to the C-terminal lobe of the kinase and that the presence of the SH3/SH2-kinase linker/N-terminal lobe interactions restricts the kinase lobes and alphaC-helix access to the active conformation. These superpositions also suggest that the highly conserved alphaC-beta4 loop restricts the conformational freedom of the N-terminal lobe by anchoring it to the C-terminal lobe. Finally, based on sequence alignments and conservation of hydrophobic residues in the Src SH2-kinase linker as well as in the alphaC-beta4 and beta2-beta3 loops, we propose that the Src-related kinases, Abl, Btk and Csk, share the same quaternary structure.
The 2.35 A crystal structure of the inactivated form of chicken Src: a dynamic molecule with multiple regulatory interactions.,Williams JC, Weijland A, Gonfloni S, Thompson A, Courtneidge SA, Superti-Furga G, Wierenga RK J Mol Biol. 1997 Dec 19;274(5):757-75. PMID:9405157[3]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Kremer NE, D'Arcangelo G, Thomas SM, DeMarco M, Brugge JS, Halegoua S. Signal transduction by nerve growth factor and fibroblast growth factor in PC12 cells requires a sequence of src and ras actions. J Cell Biol. 1991 Nov;115(3):809-19. PMID:1717492
- ↑ Simonson MS, Wang Y, Herman WH. Nuclear signaling by endothelin-1 requires Src protein-tyrosine kinases. J Biol Chem. 1996 Jan 5;271(1):77-82. PMID:8550628
- ↑ Williams JC, Weijland A, Gonfloni S, Thompson A, Courtneidge SA, Superti-Furga G, Wierenga RK. The 2.35 A crystal structure of the inactivated form of chicken Src: a dynamic molecule with multiple regulatory interactions. J Mol Biol. 1997 Dec 19;274(5):757-75. PMID:9405157 doi:10.1006/jmbi.1997.1426
