Structural highlights
Disease
[GBRB3_HUMAN] Autism;Childhood absence epilepsy. Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry. [GBRG2_HUMAN] Childhood absence epilepsy;Dravet syndrome;Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures-plus. Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. [GBRA1_HUMAN] Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy;Childhood absence epilepsy;Dravet syndrome. Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Function
[GBRB3_HUMAN] GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel. [GBRG2_HUMAN] Component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine. Functions as receptor for diazepines and various anesthetics, such as pentobarbital; these are bound at a separate allosteric effector binding site. Functions as ligand-gated chloride channel.[1] [GBRA1_HUMAN] Component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain. Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine. Functions as receptor for diazepines and various anesthetics, such as pentobarbital; these are bound at a separate allosteric effector binding site. Functions as ligand-gated chloride channel (By similarity).
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Type A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptors are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels and the main drivers of fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the vertebrate nervous system(1,2). Their dysfunction is implicated in a range of neurological disorders, including depression, epilepsy and schizophrenia(3,4). Among the numerous assemblies that are theoretically possible, the most prevalent in the brain are the alpha1beta2/3gamma2 GABAA receptors(5). The beta3 subunit has an important role in maintaining inhibitory tone, and the expression of this subunit alone is sufficient to rescue inhibitory synaptic transmission in beta1-beta3 triple knockout neurons(6). So far, efforts to generate accurate structural models for heteromeric GABAA receptors have been hampered by the use of engineered receptors and the presence of detergents(7-9). Notably, some recent cryo-electron microscopy reconstructions have reported 'collapsed' conformations(8,9); however, these disagree with the structure of the prototypical pentameric ligand-gated ion channel the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(10,11), the large body of structural work on homologous homopentameric receptor variants(12) and the logic of an ion-channel architecture. Here we present a high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of the full-length human alpha1beta3gamma2L-a major synaptic GABAA receptor isoform-that is functionally reconstituted in lipid nanodiscs. The receptor is bound to a positive allosteric modulator 'megabody' and is in a desensitized conformation. Each GABAA receptor pentamer contains two phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate molecules, the head groups of which occupy positively charged pockets in the intracellular juxtamembrane regions of alpha1 subunits. Beyond this level, the intracellular M3-M4 loops are largely disordered, possibly because interacting post-synaptic proteins are not present. This structure illustrates the molecular principles of heteromeric GABAA receptor organization and provides a reference framework for future mechanistic investigations of GABAergic signalling and pharmacology.
Cryo-EM structure of the human alpha1beta3gamma2 GABAA receptor in a lipid bilayer.,Laverty D, Desai R, Uchanski T, Masiulis S, Stec WJ, Malinauskas T, Zivanov J, Pardon E, Steyaert J, Miller KW, Aricescu AR Nature. 2019 Jan 2. pii: 10.1038/s41586-018-0833-4. doi:, 10.1038/s41586-018-0833-4. PMID:30602789[2]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Pritchett DB, Sontheimer H, Shivers BD, Ymer S, Kettenmann H, Schofield PR, Seeburg PH. Importance of a novel GABAA receptor subunit for benzodiazepine pharmacology. Nature. 1989 Apr 13;338(6216):582-5. PMID:2538761 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/338582a0
- ↑ Laverty D, Desai R, Uchanski T, Masiulis S, Stec WJ, Malinauskas T, Zivanov J, Pardon E, Steyaert J, Miller KW, Aricescu AR. Cryo-EM structure of the human alpha1beta3gamma2 GABAA receptor in a lipid bilayer. Nature. 2019 Jan 2. pii: 10.1038/s41586-018-0833-4. doi:, 10.1038/s41586-018-0833-4. PMID:30602789 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0833-4
