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Publication Abstract from PubMed

The anti-cancer drug target poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and its close homologue, PARP2, are early responders to DNA damage in human cells(1,2). Upon binding to genomic lesions, these enzymes utilise NAD(+) to modify a plethora of proteins with mono- and poly(ADP-ribose) signals that are important for subsequent chromatin decompaction and repair factor recruitment(3,4). These post-translational modification events are predominantly serine-linked and require HPF1, an accessory factor that is specific for the DNA damage response and switches the amino-acid specificity of PARP1/2 from aspartate/glutamate to serine residues(5-10). Here, we report a co-structure of HPF1 bound to the catalytic domain of PARP2 that, in combination with NMR and biochemical data, reveals a composite active site formed by residues from both PARP1/2 and HPF1. We further show that the assembly of this new catalytic centre is essential for DNA damage-induced protein ADP-ribosylation in human cells. In response to DNA damage and NAD(+) binding site occupancy, the HPF1-PARP1/2 interaction is enhanced via allosteric networks operating within PARP1/2, providing an additional level of regulation in DNA repair induction. As HPF1 forms a joint active site with PARP1/2, our data implicate HPF1 as an important determinant of the response to clinical PARP inhibitors.

HPF1 completes the PARP active site for DNA damage-induced ADP-ribosylation.,Suskiewicz MJ, Zobel F, Ogden TEH, Fontana P, Ariza A, Yang JC, Zhu K, Bracken L, Hawthorne WJ, Ahel D, Neuhaus D, Ahel I Nature. 2020 Feb 6. pii: 10.1038/s41586-020-2013-6. doi:, 10.1038/s41586-020-2013-6. PMID:32028527^[1]

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.