5vfs

Structural highlights

Function

[PSMD2_HUMAN] Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26 proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. Binds to the intracellular domain of tumor necrosis factor type 1 receptor. The binding domain of TRAP1 and TRAP2 resides outside the death domain of TNFR1. [PSB2_HUMAN] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. This subunit has a trypsin-like activity. [PSD13_HUMAN] Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. [PSA3_HUMAN] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. Binds to the C-terminus of CDKN1A and thereby mediates its degradation. Negatively regulates the membrane trafficking of the cell-surface thromboxane A2 receptor (TBXA2R) isoform 2.^{[1] [2]} [PRS4_HUMAN] The 26S protease is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex. [PSA2_HUMAN] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. PSMA2 may have a potential regulatory effect on another component(s) of the proteasome complex through tyrosine phosphorylation. [PSD12_HUMAN] Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. [PSMD4_HUMAN] Binds and presumably selects ubiquitin-conjugates for destruction. Displays selectivity for longer polyubiquitin chains. Modulates intestinal fluid secretion. [PSA6_HUMAN] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. [PSD11_HUMAN] Component of the lid subcomplex of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. In the complex, PSMD11 is required for proteasome assembly. Plays a key role in increased proteasome activity in embryonic stem cells (ESCs): its high expression in ESCs promotes enhanced assembly of the 26S proteasome, followed by higher proteasome activity.^[3] [PRS8_HUMAN] The 26S protease is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex. [PSDE_HUMAN] Metalloprotease component of the 26S proteasome that specifically cleaves 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains. The 26S proteasome is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. Plays a role in response to double-strand breaks (DSBs): acts as a regulator of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) by cleaving 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin, thereby promoting retention of JMJD2A/KDM4A on chromatin and restricting TP53BP1 accumulation. Also involved in homologous recombination repair by promoting RAD51 loading.^{[4] [5]} [PSB1_HUMAN] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. [PSMD3_HUMAN] Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26 proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. [PRS6A_HUMAN] The 26S protease is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex (By similarity). In case of HIV-1 infection, suppresses Tat-mediated transactivation. [PSA1_HUMAN] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. Mediates the lipopolysaccharide-induced signal transduction in the macrophage proteasome (By similarity). Might be involved in the anti-inflammatory response of macrophages during the interaction with C.albicans heat-inactivated cells (By similarity). [PRS7_HUMAN] The 26S protease is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex. In case of HIV-1 infection, positive modulator of Tat-mediated transactivation.^[6] [PRS10_HUMAN] The 26S protease is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex. [PSA4_HUMAN] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. [PSB7_HUMAN] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. This unit is responsible of the trypsin-like activity. [PSB5_HUMAN] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. This unit is responsible of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome and is one of the principal target of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. May catalyze basal processing of intracellular antigens. Plays a role in the protection against oxidative damage through the Nrf2-ARE pathway (By similarity). [PSB4_HUMAN] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. Mediates the lipopolysaccharide-induced signal macrophage proteasome (By similarity). SMAD1/OAZ1/PSMB4 complex mediates the degradation of the CREBBP/EP300 repressor SNIP1.^[7] [PSMD1_HUMAN] Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26 proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. [PSMD7_HUMAN] Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. [PSB6_HUMAN] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. This unit is responsible of the peptidyl glutamyl-like activity. May catalyze basal processing of intracellular antigens. [PSA7_HUMAN] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. Plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation or cell cycle control, transcriptional regulation, immune and stress response, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. Interacts with some important proteins involved in transcription factor regulation, cell cycle transition, viral replication and even tumor initiation and progression. Inhibits the transactivation function of HIF-1A under both normoxic and hypoxia-mimicking conditions. The interaction with EMAP2 increases the proteasome-mediated HIF-1A degradation under the hypoxic conditions. Plays a role in hepatitis C virus internal ribosome entry site-mediated translation. Mediates nuclear translocation of the androgen receptor (AR) and thereby enhances androgen-mediated transactivation. Promotes MAVS degradation and thereby negatively regulates MAVS-mediated innate immune response.^{[8] [9] [10] [11] [12]} [PSMD8_HUMAN] Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. Necessary for activation of the CDC28 kinase. [PSB3_HUMAN] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. [PSMD6_HUMAN] Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. [PRS6B_HUMAN] The 26S protease is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex.^[13] [PSA5_HUMAN] The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity.

References

1. ↑ Touitou R, Richardson J, Bose S, Nakanishi M, Rivett J, Allday MJ. A degradation signal located in the C-terminus of p21WAF1/CIP1 is a binding site for the C8 alpha-subunit of the 20S proteasome. EMBO J. 2001 May 15;20(10):2367-75. PMID:11350925 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emboj/20.10.2367
2. ↑ Sasaki M, Sukegawa J, Miyosawa K, Yanagisawa T, Ohkubo S, Nakahata N. Low expression of cell-surface thromboxane A2 receptor beta-isoform through the negative regulation of its membrane traffic by proteasomes. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2007 Jun;83(4):237-49. Epub 2006 Dec 27. PMID:17499743 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2006.12.001
3. ↑ Vilchez D, Boyer L, Morantte I, Lutz M, Merkwirth C, Joyce D, Spencer B, Page L, Masliah E, Berggren WT, Gage FH, Dillin A. Increased proteasome activity in human embryonic stem cells is regulated by PSMD11. Nature. 2012 Sep 13;489(7415):304-8. doi: 10.1038/nature11468. PMID:22972301 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature11468
4. ↑ Butler LR, Densham RM, Jia J, Garvin AJ, Stone HR, Shah V, Weekes D, Festy F, Beesley J, Morris JR. The proteasomal de-ubiquitinating enzyme POH1 promotes the double-strand DNA break response. EMBO J. 2012 Oct 3;31(19):3918-34. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2012.232. Epub 2012 Aug 21. PMID:22909820 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2012.232
5. ↑ Spataro V, Toda T, Craig R, Seeger M, Dubiel W, Harris AL, Norbury C. Resistance to diverse drugs and ultraviolet light conferred by overexpression of a novel human 26 S proteasome subunit. J Biol Chem. 1997 Nov 28;272(48):30470-5. PMID:9374539
6. ↑ Chen Y, Sharp ZD, Lee WH. HEC binds to the seventh regulatory subunit of the 26 S proteasome and modulates the proteolysis of mitotic cyclins. J Biol Chem. 1997 Sep 19;272(38):24081-7. PMID:9295362
7. ↑ Lin Y, Martin J, Gruendler C, Farley J, Meng X, Li BY, Lechleider R, Huff C, Kim RH, Grasser WA, Paralkar V, Wang T. A novel link between the proteasome pathway and the signal transduction pathway of the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). BMC Cell Biol. 2002 Jun 21;3:15. PMID:12097147
8. ↑ Cho S, Choi YJ, Kim JM, Jeong ST, Kim JH, Kim SH, Ryu SE. Binding and regulation of HIF-1alpha by a subunit of the proteasome complex, PSMA7. FEBS Lett. 2001 Jun 1;498(1):62-6. PMID:11389899
9. ↑ Kruger M, Beger C, Welch PJ, Barber JR, Manns MP, Wong-Staal F. Involvement of proteasome alpha-subunit PSMA7 in hepatitis C virus internal ribosome entry site-mediated translation. Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Dec;21(24):8357-64. PMID:11713272 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/MCB.21.24.8357-8364.2001
10. ↑ Lin HK, Altuwaijri S, Lin WJ, Kan PY, Collins LL, Chang C. Proteasome activity is required for androgen receptor transcriptional activity via regulation of androgen receptor nuclear translocation and interaction with coregulators in prostate cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 2002 Sep 27;277(39):36570-6. Epub 2002 Jul 15. PMID:12119296 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M204751200
11. ↑ Du H, Huang X, Wang S, Wu Y, Xu W, Li M. PSMA7, a potential biomarker of diseases. Protein Pept Lett. 2009;16(5):486-9. PMID:19442227
12. ↑ Jia Y, Song T, Wei C, Ni C, Zheng Z, Xu Q, Ma H, Li L, Zhang Y, He X, Xu Y, Shi W, Zhong H. Negative regulation of MAVS-mediated innate immune response by PSMA7. J Immunol. 2009 Oct 1;183(7):4241-8. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901646. Epub 2009 Sep, 4. PMID:19734229 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0901646
13. ↑ Dubiel W, Ferrell K, Rechsteiner M. Tat-binding protein 7 is a subunit of the 26S protease. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler. 1994 Apr;375(4):237-40. PMID:8060531
14. ↑ Zhu Y, Wang WL, Yu D, Ouyang Q, Lu Y, Mao Y. Structural mechanism for nucleotide-driven remodeling of the AAA-ATPase unfoldase in the activated human 26S proteasome. Nat Commun. 2018 Apr 10;9(1):1360. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03785-w. PMID:29636472 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03785-w